社会主义精神富裕论

马克思主义经典作家的相关阐述 ,社会主义本质的实现和比较优势的获取 ,精神富裕和物质富裕特殊的关系均表明 ,精神富裕是建设社会主义的应有之义。而精神富裕的导向、认识、实践和凝聚作用 ,又反过来在促进社会主义事业快速、健康与持续发展中扮演着重要角色。同时 ,社会主义精神富裕还具有向度的特性 ,是一个动态开放的发展过程     

刑法溯及力原则立法上的缺失——兼论中间时法的生存之理

<中华人民共和国刑法>对溯及力问题作了从旧兼从轻的原则性规定,这是我国刑法向科学化、民主化方向发展的重要表现,然而刑法在其动态运行中又产生了中间时法的问题.本文通过对中间时法的产生及其机理的分析,并结合中间时法在我国实践中的作用,探讨了刑法对中间时法效力亟待完善的问题.     

论鲁迅的幽默审美观

鲁迅对幽默有着特定的理解 ,本文旨在通过鲁迅关于社会、国民、人性的剖析 ,分析鲁迅的现代幽默审美与《笑林广记》式传统审美的根本区别 ,从而找出作者谐中寓悲、带泪的笑以及讽刺幽默的审美价值     

归因理论在培养大学生科学择业观中的应用

当前在大学生中间流行着形形色色的不良择业心态,这些不良择业心态严重影响着大学生科学择业观的养成,也不利于其顺利就业。运用归因理论,有针对性地分析大学生不良的择业心态,打造适合学生自身发展特点的科学择业观,有利于大学生形成具有长远竞争力的"就业力"。     

公共经济的主体选择理论依据和标准

在“公共产品理论”形成之前,古典和新古典理论受到自然法的影响,认为公共产品的提供天然是政府,并认为政府是理性的、至善的、唯一的公共产品的提供者。“所谓市场经济,简而言之就是由民间自由交换实现‘私人物品’的有效率的生产,而由政府负责安排公共物品的供给这样一种特殊的制度安排”。     

杨嗣昌旅游理论述论

杨嗣昌的旅游理论是比较系统的 ,它主要包括以下四个方面 :旅游资源的配置理论、风景名胜的评价理论、旅游观赏的审美理论、民俗旅游的开发理论。他同王思任、袁宏道、袁中道等人一起 ,代表了晚明时期我国古代旅游理论发展的一个新的阶段。     

一种基于可能度的区间判断矩阵排序法

给出了区间数两两比较的一种可能度公式,以及文献[4]中的方法参数k,m的取值范围,提出了一种基于可能度的区间判断矩阵排序方法。最后,通过算例说明了该法的可行性和有效性。     

Improving Risk Management: From Lame Excuses to Principled Practice

The three classic pillars of risk analysis are risk assessment (how big is the risk and how sure can we be?), risk management (what shall we do about it?), and risk communication (what shall we say about it, to whom, when, and how?). We propose two complements as important parts of these three bases: risk attribution (who or what addressable conditions actually caused an accident or loss?) and learning from experience about risk reduction (what works, and how well?). Failures in complex systems usually evoke blame, often with insufficient attention to root causes of failure, including some aspects of the situation, design decisions, or social norms and culture. Focusing on blame, however, can inhibit effective learning, instead eliciting excuses to deflect attention and perceived culpability. Productive understanding of what went wrong, and how to do better, thus requires moving past recrimination and excuses. This article identifies common blame‐shifting “lame excuses” for poor risk management. These generally contribute little to effective improvements and may leave real risks and preventable causes unaddressed. We propose principles from risk and decision sciences and organizational design to improve results. These start with organizational leadership. More specifically, they include: deliberate testing and learning—especially from near‐misses and accident precursors; careful causal analysis of accidents; risk quantification; candid expression of uncertainties about costs and benefits of risk‐reduction options; optimization of tradeoffs between gathering additional information and immediate action; promotion of safety culture; and mindful allocation of people, responsibilities, and resources to reduce risks. We propose that these principles provide sound foundations for improving successful risk management.     

国际组织与成员国法律责任多重归属问题研究

国际组织和成员国的法律责任归属问题一直以来都是国际法争论的话题。政府间国际组织作为一类国际法主体,应独立承担法律责任。但在实践中,成员国在执行国际组织决议的过程中往往滥用国际组织法律人格,其行为不仅是国际组织法律人格的体现,还代表了自己的意志,造成法律责任归属不明。以此种争议情形为研究对象,结合1999年的使用武力合法性案,2007年欧洲人权法院的拜拉米案和萨拉马提(Behrami/Saramati)案、阿尔吉达(Al-Jedda)案以及2014年海牙法院关于斯雷布雷尼察(Srebrenica)诉荷兰案的相关判决,借鉴国外学者近几年的相关研究,认为应当坚持国际组织和成员国法律责任的多重归属。围绕责任多重归属原则的确立过程,通过对2011年《国际组织责任条款草案》相关条文的分析,明确了行为归属与责任归属的关系:只有确定行为归属之后,才能确定责任归属;为了最终确定责任的多重归属,提出以有效控制为标准认定行为归属,并明确这种有效控制是对具体行为的事实控制。     

Early socialization of hostile attribution bias: The roles of parental attributions,parental discipline,and child attributes

The goal of this study was to examine child and parent predictors of children's hostile attribution bias (HAB) with a particular focus on exploring the associations between parents’ early attribution of child misbehavior and children's HAB in the transition to school age. Participants were 241 children (118 girls) of middle‐income families who were at risk for school‐age conduct problems. Multi‐method, multi‐informant data were collected on maternal attributions of child misbehavior, parental use of corporal punishment, and child attributes (i.e., verbal IQ, effortful control, theory of mind, and emotional understanding) at 3 years, and child HAB in ambiguous situations at 6 years. Results indicated that mothers’ internal explanations for children's misconduct may either reduce or increase children's later HAB depending on the specific content of attributions, such that mothers’ belief that children misbehave because of their internal state (i.e., emotional state or temperament) was associated with lower levels of child HAB, whereas attributing power‐based motives (i.e., manipulative, controlling intentions) in children was associated with higher levels of HAB. The findings are discussed with respect to appreciating the complexity of parents’ explanations for children's behavior, and considering parental cognition as a potential target for early identification and prevention of child HAB and related problems.