俄罗斯生态末世论思想探析

与西方的生态哲学研究相比,俄罗斯生态哲学更凝神于末世论主题,呈现出独特的思维理路——强烈的理性色彩与宗教意识。俄罗斯生态末世论是全球化时代俄罗斯思想界对生态危机的积极回应,其中积淀了沉郁的末世情怀与救世精神,主要涉及人与自然关系的罪与罚以及救赎世人的努力。     

文化生态失衡问题的提出

在现代文明迅速席卷全球的今天,每时每刻都不知道有多少传统的土生土长的文化的消失,一种落后的传统地方文化的消失,谁也不会注意,谁也不会感到惋惜,但当成批的这样的文化群落都在消失的时候,人们有没有想到过,这是不是一种文化的生态在遭到破坏？也就是说,以人为中心的观念正使得生物圈的生物在急剧的递减,同样,以西方文化为中心的观念也正使得文化圈内的文化种类在急剧的递减,这种现象告诉我们：我们现在感到的是自然生态的被破坏,自然资源的在减少,但同样我们将面临的还有一个文化生态的被破坏和文化资源在减少的问题。     

Population goals and ecological strategies for spaceship earth

The last century has seen extraordinary growth in human populations and economies. This growth has imposed huge and ever-increasing pressures on Earth’s ecosystems, prompting fears concerning the integrity of their life-supporting functions and the high rate of extinction of species. Quite simply, ecological degradation threatens the interests and possibly the survival of future human populations. By the criterion of ecological sustainability, and given our current consumption rates and technologies, Earth is now overpopulated. In such times of great and threatening change it is important to reconsider human goals and enabling strategies. A fundamental goal is the sustained quality survival of human populations. Achieving this requires new paradigms of understanding and management, especially the realization that the human economic and social spheres are dependent on healthy, functioning ecosystems, and that most forms of growth are unsustainable. Socio-economic development must become ecologically sustainable with the maintenance of Earth’s life-support systems assuming priority. Developing integrated ecosystem management, cutting consumption, and negotiating optimum population sizes would be useful. This paper discusses these issues with emphasis on the Australian situation.     

Biosphere Model for High Level Waste Repository

Method for environmental impact modeling involving uncertainty, overcoming the disadvantage of providing only one upper bound based on accumulated effects from all extreme events. This method provides a suite of upper and lower bounds based on any subset of such extreme events, to be chosen among by the decision maker.     

近年来生态观念的转换

传统生态学的核心理论是“物质循环”和“生态平衡”。这种理论树立了有限物质资源通过循环可以无限地被利用的观念，也为环境的持续稳定提供了理论依据。然而近年来环境持续恶化，土地、水源、森林等资源也正在被耗尽，于是传统生态理论与客观环境持续性恶化的现实脱节。面对这种现实状况，生态学的理论模式正由物质循环模式转换为前进变化的螺旋发展模式。生态观念也由生态平衡稳定观念转变为持续变动的观念。     

对"环境立法目的二元论"的反思——试论当前中国复杂社会背景下环境立法的目的

"环境立法目的二元论"的主要观点是,除了保护环境外,环境立法的目的还包括保护人体健康,促进经济发展。这种理论的主要特征是以促进经济发展为中心、以工具理性观为基础、以关注污染防治为核心,因此在一定程度上丧失了理论可能具有的批判力、建构力和解释力。在当前中国复杂社会背景下,环境立法的直接和内在目的应当是保护环境,包括防治环境污染、养护自然资源和保护生态系统。环境立法的最终目的应当是保护生物圈和促进人与自然相和谐。