Non-tariff barrier on chicken imports into Russia: Impact on production,trade and prices

We analyze the Russian restriction on chicken imports as an example of a non-tariff barrier (NTB). Cointegration test results support the hypothesis that the NTB limited trade. We calibrate an equilibrium market model to cointegration results to assess the market impact. The tariff equivalent of the Russian chicken NTB is estimated to be 30 − 40% depending on the representation of consumer demand. Removing the NTB decreases domestic production by 4–5% and domestic price by 27%–34%, while imports increase by 326–423 thousand tons annually in 2015–2019.     

鸡传染性鼻炎(IC)的诊断及防制

1999年 1～ 2月四川绵阳市江油河西镇十几户养鸡户的 2 5～ 4 0日龄肉鸡及其附近的长钢东山养殖场 1 50日龄蛋鸡先后出现以头部 (颜面及眼眶周围 )肿胀为特征的疾病 ,其死亡率不等。根据现场综合诊断 (流行病学、症状、尸体剖检 )和实验室检查 (细菌学检验 )诊断为传染性鼻炎 ,用链霉素、禽复康和恩诺沙星治疗以及用疫苗进行免疫接种 ,均取得了良好的效果     

毛细管气相色谱外标法同时测定肉鸡肌肉中8种脂肪酸

目的：建立肉鸡肌肉原料中8种脂肪酸含量的毛细管气相色谱分析方法。方法：采用石英毛细管气相色谱柱,利用外标法同时定量分析8种脂肪酸含量。结果：线性关系(r)分别为0．9996～0．9999,加标回收率分别为99．7%～ 101．2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0．16%～0．94%。结论：采用毛细管气相色谱法同时分析多种脂肪酸,简便、高效、准确、分析时间适中。     

博弈局中人情绪因素对斗鸡博弈纳什均衡的影响机理研究

运用秩依期望效用理论研究斗鸡博弈模型研究发现:局中人情绪因素虽然不影响纯战略意义下的博弈均衡解,但对混合战略纳什均衡解存在非常大的影响。如果局中人情绪因素都是悲观的,而且他们的情绪指数的倒数之和大于或等于1时,斗鸡博弈不存在混合战略均衡,只存在两个纯战略意义下的Nash均衡,而且局中人的情绪决定着混合战略均衡概率的大小。     

高碘乌骨鸡蛋产生过程中的增长规律研究

试验在乌骨鸡蛋基础日粮中添加不同水平的碘化钾,研究了碘添加期鸡蛋中碘含量随鸡蛋服碘 日程的变化情况。同时考查了高碘蛋生产阶段乌骨鸡的生产性能。     

基于疫情上报意愿的禽流感补偿标准研究

鼓励养殖户及时上报疫情是控制禽流感扩散蔓延、维护社会公众生命安全的重要举措。那么,如果要使养殖户自愿上报疫情,合理的补偿标准应该是多少？利用宁夏中卫沙坡区实地调查数据,采用Heckman两阶段模型分析养殖户上报疫情意愿及其意愿受偿强度的影响因素,进而测算养殖户在愿意上报疫情情景下可接受的补偿标准。散养户和规模养殖户可接受的补偿标准分别平均为22.41元/只、31.87元/只,对5个月龄蛋鸡的意愿受偿标准最高,分别达到35.21元/只、53.55元/只。提出建立疫情损失的联动补偿机制,提高疫情补偿标准,对散养户和规模养殖户实行差异化疫情补偿政策。     

Updating Parameters of the Chicken Processing Line Model

A mathematical model of chicken processing that quantitatively describes the transmission of Campylobacter on chicken carcasses from slaughter to chicken meat product has been developed in Nauta et al. (2005). This model was quantified with expert judgment. Recent availability of data allows updating parameters of the model to better describe processes observed in slaughterhouses. We propose Bayesian updating as a suitable technique to update expert judgment with microbiological data. Berrang and Dickens's data are used to demonstrate performance of this method in updating parameters of the chicken processing line model.     

Cost-Utility Analysis to Control Campylobacter on Chicken Meat—Dealing with Data Limitations

The current article describes the economic evaluation of interventions to control Campylobacter on chicken meat by means of a cost-utility analysis. Apart from the methodology used, the main focus of this article is on data gaps and assumptions made, and their impact on results and conclusions. The direct intervention costs, the relative risk, the disease burden (expressed in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)), and the costs of illness for the various interventions are necessary inputs for the cost-utility analysis. The cost-utility ratio (CUR) -- the measure for efficiency -- is expressed in net costs per avoided DALY. Most data gaps were of a biological order, but for some interventions, information on costs was also scarce. As a consequence, assumptions had to be made, which had some impact on the estimated CUR. A higher (lower) incidence of Campylobacter infections associated with chicken meat, higher (lower) effectiveness, and lower (higher) intervention costs, respectively, would result in absolute better (worse) CUR estimates. By taking the perspective of all consumers eating Dutch chicken meat, rather than only the Dutch society, absolute better CUR estimates could be obtained. Indirect costs or a shift toward non-Dutch chicken meat would both result in higher CUR estimates. Despite the assumptions made, three interventions showed for most of the applied sensitivity analyses relatively favorable CUR estimates: limiting fecal leakage during processing, carcass decontamination by dipping in a chemical solution, and the phage therapy. However, all three do have some clauses.     

美国七彩山鸡传染性法氏囊病(IBD)的诊断与治疗

四川省绵阳市江油某养殖户饲养的美国七彩山鸡 2d内突然发病死亡1 2 0余只 ,其表现在流行病学、症状、病理变化方面与蛋鸡、肉鸡发生IBD的基本一致 ,经诊断为IBD ,经用抗IBD高免卵黄抗体治疗效果良好。饲养美国七彩山鸡应作好IBD预防接种     

Effectiveness and Efficiency of Controlling Campylobacter on Broiler Chicken Meat

Campylobacter bacteria are an important cause of foodborne infections. We estimated the potential costs and benefits of a large number of possible interventions to decrease human exposure to Campylobacter by consumption of chicken meat, which accounts for 20-40% of all cases of human campylobacteriosis in the Netherlands. For this purpose, a farm-to-fork risk assessment model was combined with economic analysis and epidemiological data. Reduction of contamination at broiler farms could be efficient in theory. However, it is unclear which hygienic measures need to be taken and the costs can be very high. The experimental treatment of colonized broiler flocks with bacteriophages has proven to be effective and could also be cost efficient, if confirmed in practice. Since a major decrease of infections at the broiler farm is not expected in the short term, additional measures in the processing plant were also considered. At this moment, guaranteed Campylobacter-free chicken meat at the retail level is not realistic. The most promising interventions in the processing plant are limiting fecal leakage during processing and separation of contaminated and noncontaminated flocks (scheduling), followed by decontamination of the contaminated flock. New (faster and more sensitive) test methods to detect Campylobacter colonization in broilers flocks are a prerequisite for successful scheduling scenarios. Other methods to decrease the contamination of meat of colonized flocks such as freezing and heat treatment are more expensive and/or less effective than chemical decontamination.