英汉篇章结构直线型/螺旋型批评

许多学者依然坚持英汉思维模式及篇章结构之间存在直线型/螺旋型之分.然而对写作本质的研究、汉语写作对篇章结构的分析以及美国作文教学研究显示:写作是通过训练获得的能力,直线型同样是汉语篇章的常用结构,而英语写作手册所倡导的直线型篇章结构模式只反映了英语写作理论的一部分.     

从坤卦看企业柔顺成物的行为通则和管理智慧

《周易》认为"乾知大始,坤作成物",因此,坤卦揭示了成就事物的基本道理。坤卦是至柔至顺,具有观察、理解、柔顺成物的直观性、易从性和一致性。同时,坤卦提出了具体的柔顺成物的价值取向和行为准则。本文分三个部分:管理的顺通观、几微观以及顺通的具体实践方法。     

Kruskal–Wallis, Multiple Comparisons and Efron Dice

The Kruskal–Wallis test is a rank–based one way ANOVA. Its test statistic is shown here to be a quadratic form among the Mann–Whitney or Kendall tau concordance measures between pairs of treatments. But the full set of such concordance measures has more degrees of freedom than the Kruskal–Wallis test uses, and the independent surplus is attributable to circularity, or non–transitive effects. The meaning of circularity is well illustrated by Efron dice. The cases of k = 3, 4 treatments are analysed thoroughly in this paper, which also shows how the full sum of squares among all concordance measures can be decomposed into uncorrelated transitive and non–transitive circularity effects. A multiple comparisons procedure based on patterns of transitive orderings among treatments is implemented. The testing of circularities involves non–standard asymptotic distributions. The asymptotic theory is deferred, but Monte Carlo permutation tests are easy to implement.     

The Milan Principles of Hypothesising,Circularity and Neutrality in Dialogical Family Therapy: Extinction,Evolution, Eviction… or Emergence?

The primary aim of the three Milan principles of hypothesising, circularity and neutrality was to proffer an effective methodology for interviewing families, with a secondary aim of casting off the stereotypical personal therapist qualities such as intuition, charisma and concern. The progression of the principles from the original Milan model through to contemporary approaches is intriguing. The following article consists of two sections. First it tracks the progression of the three principles through the Milan, post‐Milan and postmodern approaches to family therapy. Given their recursive nature, they are revealed as responsive to developments in theory and practice, as well as the influence of the wider societal context. The second section of the article explores hypothesising, circularity and neutrality in the contemporary approach of dialogical family therapy. The relevance of the three principles to the therapeutic process, the therapeutic role and the therapeutic relationship is considered. Such an exploration does not seek definitive answers or ‘truths’, but seeks to conceptualise a vague ‘knowing’ that there is continual learning and growth in grappling with the tensions in this field, in remaining ever curious, in asking the questions …     

The influence of the Milan approach—Part 2. The legacy of Boscolo and Cecchin and their Paduan connection: A conversation with Andrea Mosconi

The Milan approach, pioneered by Selvini-Palazzoli, Boscolo, Cecchin, and Prata, has significantly contributed to the field of psychotherapy, particularly in the realm of systemic and family psychotherapy. While rooted in systemic principles and concepts, over time the original Milan group demonstrated differences in their clinical orientations and practices which led to their regrouping into two teams. The paper explores the divergences in their views and directions on family dynamics and the role of symptoms within the system. It delves into the influence of Boscolo and Cecchin, two of the ‘Milan Four’ on the Centro Padovano di Terapia della Famiglia. Drawing from a conversation with Andrea Mosconi, a mentee and collaborator of Boscolo and Cecchin, the paper examines the reconfiguration of the original ‘Milan Four’ team and its impact on their clinical approach. Key Milan principles and concepts such as hypothesising, circularity, and neutrality are examined with particular emphasis on the work of Boscolo and Cecchin's systemic work. These principles, intertwined and interconnected, provide a fertile ground for the construction of multiple hypotheses and circular questioning. The paper also highlights the concept of reflexivity, which originates from Bateson's work and plays a crucial role in family relations and communication while explaining the birthplace of paradox taking place when two levels of meaning are ‘confused.’ The Milan approach continues to be highly regarded, as its early concepts and ideas have evolved and left a lasting impact on the field of family therapy. By reflecting on the distinct contributions of Boscolo and Cecchin, and using examples, Mosconi offers valuable insights into the rich legacy and ongoing relevance of the Milan approach to contemporary therapeutic practice.     

论《西游记》的叙事结构

《西游记》的叙事结构主要涵括两个方面 :其一 ,结构上采取了直线叙事与环状叙事的纽结、伏笔手法、对称叙事等方式 ;其二 ,通过以信念冲突与性格冲突为特征的两对人物关系来演绎故事情节