公民·公民教育·思想政治教育

公民概念在西方由来已久 ,它直接与国家相连并被认为是政治民主的一个关键因素。西方公民教育的核心 ,就是通过政治社会化形成公民意识。我国传统上只有臣民而无公民和公民教育 ,民国建立后所实施的公民教育也不成体系。真正将公民教育单独提出并加以强调 ,是在我国社会的转型时期。在社会主义市场经济条件下 ,立足于公民的塑造 ,培养公民的意识、观念与精神 ,是思想政治教育与时俱进、顺应时代发展的客观要求     

公民权利与公民道德

公民道德可以说是一种以法律为资源的道德,公民道德基本要素“爱国守法、明礼诚信、团结友善、勤俭节约、敬业奉献”是与法律所规定的公民义务内容相一致的。长期以来,我们一直忽略对公民权利的维护和尊重,这是道德教育不能发挥应有作用的原因之一。要加强公民道德建设,提倡和培养尊重他人、尊重权利、尊重公共生活规则的道德习惯,首先要让公民学会尊重自己,让整个社会尊重普通公民的权利。     

社群主义的公民观及其教育

社群主义是20世纪80年代产生于西方国家的一种主流政治哲学思潮.社群主义并非凭空出现,而是在一定的现实和理论背景的影响下产生的.作为一种公民教育思潮,社群主义倡导培养一种追求公共善、道德优先和社群优先的极具责任感的公民.为了培养这种公民,社群主义认为:在教育价值观方面,提倡公共善的优先性;在教育目标方面,培养有美德的积极公民;在教育内容方面,注重社群历史文化的教育意义;在教育途径方面,构建国家、社群、学校与教师“四位一体”的培育体系;在教育方法方面,强调公民的实践参与.     

‘Democracy always comes first’: adolescents’ views on decision-making in everyday life and political democracy

Research shows adolescents to be positively oriented towards democracy, but little is known about what it actually means to them and what their views are on decision-making in both everyday situations and political democracy. To gain insight into these aspects of adolescents’ democratic views, we have interviewed 40 Dutch adolescents from second grade of different types of high school. Potential conflict between various democratic principles prevalent in everyday life situations was discussed and compared to how they view decision-making in political democracy. The results of our qualitative study showed that adolescents’ views on issues concerning collective decision-making in everyday situations are quite rich and reflect different models of democracy (majoritarian, consensual, and deliberative). Moreover, how adolescents deal with tensions between democratic principles in everyday life situations varies. While some adolescents combine several principles (for instance, majority rule as a last resort after trying to find broader consensus), other adolescents tend to strictly focus on only one of these principles. Adolescents’ views on political democracy, however, are rather limited and one-dimensional. Those adolescents who seemed to have a more explicit picture of political democracy often preferred a strict focus on majority rule, neglecting minority interests.     

大学生公民品质的塑造与公民教育

在现代社会,大学生应具备的公民品质包括"讲德性"、"守规则"、"有理性"以及"重参与"等四个方面的内容。目前,由于我国公民教育起步较晚,大学校园缺乏公民教育的文化氛围,大学生的公民品质还有待于进一步塑造和培养。利用公民教育塑造大学生的公民品质,需要引导大学生追求优良的公民品质;需要以思想政治理论课为重要载体,加强大学生公民教育;需要在校园生活中开发利用更多的公民教育资源;需要进一步规范和丰富大学生公民教育内容,有效开展公民教育。     

公民教育：现代思想政治教育的新思路

在现代化进程中,随着公民教育的产生与思想政治教育的转型,加强公民教育成为社会主义民主政治建设的一项基础工程,是现代政治民主化和现代思想政治教育发展的内在必然,也是科学发展观的根本要求。公民教育契合了现代思想政治教育的核心价值,是现代思想政治教育理念创新、内容拓展、功能优化的新思路。     

边远县域公民道德建设研究——以西充县为例

边远县域具有比较独特的文化态貌，其道德状况也呈现一些与发达区域道德状况相异的特征。以四川西充县为样本，解析边远县域公民道德和公民道德建设现状，分析在县域公民道德建设中存在的一些问题，提出县域公民道德建设思路。认为边远县域公民道德建设可以采用伦理、教育、政治和文化四种方式，按照《公民道德建设实施纲要》的要求，结合区域文化特点与优势道德资源，全方位把握公民道德建设的目标、内容及实施过程。     

Engaging Children in Meaningful Charity: Opening-up the Spaces within Which Children Learn to Give

This paper presents qualitative evidence from an in-depth, participative action research project with 150 children aged 4–8 years old, exploring their experiences, perceptions and preferences regarding charitable giving. Most children positively engage in charitable giving through home, school and their community; however, less than 20% are aware of the cause area they are being asked to support, and most have little decision-making in their giving. Children’s willingness to engage increases when they critically examine the cause area and are facilitated to lead on giving decisions, often resulting in increased and sustained efforts to support cause areas that matter to them.     

Transnational queer sociological analysis of sexual identity and civic‐political activism in Hong Kong,Taiwan and mainland China

The sociology of homosexuality lacks engagement with queer theory and postcolonialism and focuses primarily on the global metropoles, thus failing to provide a plausible account of non‐Western non‐normative sexual identities. This research adopts the author’s newly proposed transnational queer sociology to address these deficiencies. First, it critiques the Western model of sexual identity predominantly employed to elucidate non‐Western, non‐normative sexualities. It does so by examining not only the queer flows between West and non‐West but also those among and within non‐Western contexts to produce translocally shared and mutually referenced experiences. Second, the proposed approach combines sociology with queer theory by emphasizing the significant role of material, as well as discursive, analyses in shaping queer identities, desires and practices. This article employs the approach to examine young gay male identities, as revealed in 90 in‐depth interviews conducted in Hong Kong (n = 30), Taiwan (Taipei, n = 30) and mainland China (Shanghai, n = 30) between 2017 and 2019. More specifically, it highlights the interplay between the state and identity by investigating the intersection and intertwining effects of these young men’s sexual and cultural/national identities, revealing three different forms of civic‐political activism. The article both demonstrates the way in which sexuality and the state are mutually constituted and provides nuanced analysis of the heterogeneity of contemporary homosexualities in Hong Kong, Taiwan and mainland China. In applying a new sociological approach to understanding sexuality, this research joins the growing body of scholarship within sociology that is decentring the Western formation of universal knowledge.     

共和主义视角下的公共行政基本理念探析

韦伯的理性官僚制理论和新公共管理理论是我国行政改革中占主导地位两种行政改革理论。在全能主义的社会背景下,它们的效率中心主义特征已经产生了行政特权化及社会不公等消极现象。共和主义作为西方社会的一个古老而有影响力的政治传统,以强调公共利益、制度均衡、对话协商、公平正义及公民美德为主要特征,在今天政治生活中仍然有着很强的生命力。本文认为,共和主义视角下的公共行政理念可以纠正我国行政改中的效率中心主义倾向,有利于进一步推进我国的和谐社会建设。