Trends in the Race and Ethnicity of Eminent Americans

During the last several decades, the ethnic and racial composition of the American elite has changed to include some ethnic minorities and women. This study examines changes in the composition of one segment of the American elite: those who have obtained eminence in their occupations. Lieberson and Carter's study of the ethnic composition of eminent Americans, using Who's Who in America, is replicated with data from the 1990s (Lieberson and Carter, 1979, American Sociological Review 44:347–366). In addition, comparisons between blacks listed in Who's Who in America and blacks listed only in Who's Who among Black Americans are made. During the 20 years since Lieberson and Carter's study, Jews have made remarkable gains in eminent membership, while the rate of black representation has increased only moderately. Women are a small percentage of the eminent regardless of ethnicity, although black women are better represented than their counterparts in white ethnic groups.     

两大法系关于环境犯罪立法之比较

两大法系关于环境犯罪都有不少立法 ,但存在一定差异。在环境犯罪的罪过形式上 ,英美法系认为环境犯罪的认定需有故意和过失 ;而大陆法系则采用罪过原则认定环境犯罪。在犯罪行为上 ,作为犯罪是两大法系立法的基本情形 ,不作为犯罪是两大法系立法的例外情形。在刑罚执行上 ,两大法系对刑罚方法的运用各有特点     

区域民族描写民俗学优秀之作--读《中国南楚民俗学》

从民俗理论的实际提炼性与追求规范性、区域民族民俗描写研究之丰富性与精确性、田野考察之可学性与可操作性、民俗学研究之献身性与交心工程性四个方面来考察 ,王建章教授的《中国南楚民俗学》是区域民族描写民俗学的优秀著作。     

构建沈阳自主创新科技投融资体系的途径选择

建立创新型城市离不开多元化、多渠道、多层次的科技投融资体系。通过有效的政策安排,不断完善科技投融资体系,对加快沈阳的发展,加速科技创新进程和科技成果转化具有重要意义。本文提出了沈阳自主创新亟待投融资体系的完善,着重分析了沈阳自主创新科技投融资体系的现状和存在的问题,提出了促进沈阳自主创新科技投融资体系完善的途径。     

戏剧中的叙述者

新时期以来,有学者对戏剧进行了形式主义的研究,其方法论借鉴于叙述学。叙述学是通过对小说的分析而总结出来的文学理论。在分析戏剧的叙述形式时,直接套用叙述学的相关理论是不恰当的,其应用时需要经过一定的转换。在小说文体中,存在两类最重要的叙述者类型:第一人称叙述者和第三人称叙述者。其中,第三人称叙述者只存在于直接引语中,此时的全知叙述者沉默或者隐蔽,将叙述者的功能转让给了他(她)。同样的,在戏剧文体中,第二文本中的叙述者可以对应于小说中的全知叙述者。第二文本的叙述者作为戏剧故事之外的叙述者,叙述戏剧人物的外貌或心理状态等情况。在大部分戏剧文本中,第二文本中的叙述者是沉默的,而戏剧中的人物作为第三人称叙述者承担了叙述者的功能。     

A sociolinguistic application of Bakhtin's authoritative and internally persuasive discourse

Through the use of two central Bakhtinian concepts, authoritative and internally persuasive discourse (word), this paper examines the tension between the ideology of linguistic hegemony as a source of power in the Greek public sphere and the condition of language shift faced by the Albanian‐speaking communities of modern Greece. I argue here that a cautious application of these two notions, which are relevant to linguistic ideology, can reveal crucial aspects of two processes: that of subordination to and that of questioning of the dominant linguistic ideology by local Albanian‐speaking communities. Thus, in language shift contexts, it is possible that no simple relations obtain that place social agents in unquestionable and easily predictable positions. Such an approach proves useful for the sociolinguistic study of threatened language communities.     

Estimation of Hazard, Density and Survivor Functions for Randomly Censored Data

Maximum likelihood estimation and goodness-of-fit techniques are used within a competing risks framework to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of hazard, density, and survivor functions for randomly right-censored variables. Goodness-of- fit techniques are used to fit distributions to the crude lifetimes, which are used to obtain an estimate of the hazard function, which, in turn, is used to construct the survivor and density functions of the net lifetime of the variable of interest. If only one of the crude lifetimes can be adequately characterized by a parametric model, then semi-parametric estimates may be obtained using a maximum likelihood estimate of one crude lifetime and the empirical distribution function of the other. Simulation studies show that the survivor function estimates from crude lifetimes compare favourably with those given by the product-limit estimator when crude lifetimes are chosen correctly. Other advantages are discussed.     

小议英语无灵句及其翻译

无灵句是英语中一种很重要的句式结构，能否掌握无灵句的特点及其翻译方法直接影响到英语学习者的学习效果。本文主要概括了无灵句的特点及其分类，并且归纳出较为行之有效的翻译方法。     

汉语生成的基本过程

应用唯物辩证法方法，研究汉语生成的基本过程。该过程和认识论有直接的联系，两者的主体结构是相互对应的。汉语是在一个疑问词的两次大分裂中生成的，具体表现为感觉=知觉＋概念的形式。日常生活中总体上驾驭人们实践的东西，既不是单纯的感性认识也不是单纯的理性认识，而是中和了这两个方面的感觉。过去认识论和心理学的基本观点是错误的，鉴于思维和语言的关系，有可能在此项研究中得到修正。     

“袖”在中、朝舞蹈作品中运用异同之管见

"袖"舞是东方舞蹈的一大创造."袖"的运用,除延长了人的肢体,大大扩展了身体的表现力外,还通过舞者手臂、手腕、腰腹、身肢等不同力量、不同幅度的运动,使"袖"缭绕空际,变幻着无数的形态,其传情丰富、鲜明,超过了许多表情手段."袖"的徐缓、抑扬、飘忽、回旋所产生的形式美,完全可以把人们引入一个非物质的境界之中,赋予"袖"舞以人文精神内涵和意蕴,展现了"袖"舞的魅力和光环.