Blinded continuous monitoring in clinical trials with recurrent event endpoints

In studies with recurrent event endpoints, misspecified assumptions of event rates or dispersion can lead to underpowered trials or overexposure of patients. Specification of overdispersion is often a particular problem as it is usually not reported in clinical trial publications. Changing event rates over the years have been described for some diseases, adding to the uncertainty in planning. To mitigate the risks of inadequate sample sizes, internal pilot study designs have been proposed with a preference for blinded sample size reestimation procedures, as they generally do not affect the type I error rate and maintain trial integrity. Blinded sample size reestimation procedures are available for trials with recurrent events as endpoints. However, the variance in the reestimated sample size can be considerable in particular with early sample size reviews. Motivated by a randomized controlled trial in paediatric multiple sclerosis, a rare neurological condition in children, we apply the concept of blinded continuous monitoring of information, which is known to reduce the variance in the resulting sample size. Assuming negative binomial distributions for the counts of recurrent relapses, we derive information criteria and propose blinded continuous monitoring procedures. The operating characteristics of these are assessed in Monte Carlo trial simulations demonstrating favourable properties with regard to type I error rate, power, and stopping time, ie, sample size.     

体育用语在非体育新闻报道中的跨界运用及原因探析

文章主要研究非体育新闻报道对体育用语使用,并分析这种跨界运用的原因和产生的效果。体育用语的泛化和体育用语中存在大量具有隐喻性特征的词语是导致体育用语被日益广泛地运用到其他领域的主要原因。其中在新闻报道中体育用语的跨界运用较多,这既丰富了新闻报道的内容,又促进了当今语言的融合。     

区块链技术在版权登记中的创新应用

随着数字版权时代的发展，作品的传播方式变得更加灵活，传播速度也更加迅捷。传统版权登记制度因存在登记成本较高、标准不一、泄露隐私等弊端，在实际应用中面临困境，区块链技术的出现为推动版权登记的适时发展提供了一种新思路。区块链技术应用于版权登记，其去中心化特质可以降低登记成本；分布式共享机制能够统一登记标准；难以篡改的性质能够提高登记的证明效力；弥补了既有版权登记制度的缺陷。同时，区块链技术利用自身特性建立新的版权信任机制，既能清晰地分配版权利益，又能创新传统的版权商业模式，推动版权市场的发展，最大化地利用版权的固有价值。区块链技术在与版权登记相结合的过程中，会出现一些技术上难以解决的问题，既无法对作品的独创性进行准确的判断，也无法发挥版权制度原有的公示力作用。因此，必须创新版权登记规则，加快制定区块链版权平台市场准入机制，并设置统一的监管机构，将区块链锁在版权制度的笼子里，防止出现滥用区块链技术的情形，以最终实现技术和法律的融合发展。     

An Interview with Joyce Edward: Exemplary Clinician, Advocate, and Scholar

Over the years, noteworthy social workers have been interviewed for the Clinical Social Work Journal. This article features an interview with Joyce Edward who is recognized for her many extraordinary contributions to clinical social work. Joyce has co-written or co-edited three exceptional books for the social work clinician, she has been an esteemed teacher and a vocal activist for quality mental health care. In this interview Joyce reflects on family influences, her work as a social caseworker, the psychoanalytic luminaries with whom she trained, her concerns about the clinical education of today's social work students, and finally, her perspective on managed mental health care.     

独立CAN器件SJA1000的应用

CAN总线已在变电站自动化系统中得到了广泛应用 ,而SJA10 0 0作为PHILIPS公司最近推出的独立CAN器件也已得到了广泛关注。本文简要介绍了SJA10 0 0的基本原理和功能 ,并给出了SJA10 0 0的典型硬件连接原理图及初始化程序和部分通信程序     

论语篇体裁理论在英语写作教学中的应用

本文以系统功能语言学的语篇体载理论为依托，对该理论在大学英语写作教学中的应用进行了探讨。教师在写作教学实践中可以从引导学生挖掘不同语篇体裁的交际目的和社会文化背景入手，指导学生从宏观角度有效把握不同语篇体裁的概括性结构定武，鼓励学生逐步改进思维方式，从而全面提高写作能力。     

高校全程就业指导模式构建研究

目前高校就业指导现状已不适应高等教育和社会发展的需要。本文以心理测量指导、职业生涯设计指导、学业指导、择业指导、创业指导、升学指导六大指导为主线建构全程化的就业指导模式,全程就业指导就是从大学一年级开始,根据职业指导理论和大学生发展阶段,对大学生分年级、分阶段,结合学生共性与个性,提供全程化就业指导,以实现双向选择、人职匹配和职业目标。     

具体应用中的矛盾分析法之种种

矛盾分析法在科学认识中的具体应用,可作多侧面的展开,形成多方面的更为具体的科学方法。这些具体科学方法可概括为,矛盾的定性分析法、矛盾的定位分析法、矛盾的定点分析法、矛盾的定量分析法、矛盾的定势分析法、矛盾的历史过程分析法、矛盾的逻辑过程分析法、矛盾的系统分析法、矛盾的对立面互补分析法等等.它们均体现哲学方法与具体科学方法的一致性。     

英语否定词在语言表达中的应用

否定词的用法对学习英语的学生来说一直是个难题。因为在英语中否定词的用法和意义是灵活多变的。本文主要从四个方面阐述了英语否定词在语言表达中的具体应用。旨在帮助学生更有效 ,灵活地理解和使用。     

矿物聚合物的功用

矿物聚合物是无机聚合物的一类,它在工艺、性能、用途等方面集有机高聚物、陶瓷、水泥等材料的特征,同时又是一种具备独特性能的新材料。本文对矿物聚合物材料的性能和应用进行了综述,并对其应用前景进行了展望。