Inferences on the Means of Two Log-Normal Distributions: A Computational Approach Test

In this article, we propose a novel approach for testing the equality of two log-normal populations using a computational approach test (CAT) that does not require explicit knowledge of the sampling distribution of the test statistic. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed approach can perform hypothesis testing with satisfying actual size even at small sample sizes. Overall, it is superior to other existing methods. Also, a CAT is proposed for testing about reliability of two log-normal populations when the means are the same. Simulations show that the actual size of this new approach is close to nominal level and better than the score test. At the end, the proposed methods are illustrated using two examples.     

Statistical testing strategies for assessing treatment efficacy and marker accuracy in phase III trials

When a candidate predictive marker is available, but evidence on its predictive ability is not sufficiently reliable, all‐comers trials with marker stratification are frequently conducted. We propose a framework for planning and evaluating prospective testing strategies in confirmatory, phase III marker‐stratified clinical trials based on a natural assumption on heterogeneity of treatment effects across marker‐defined subpopulations, where weak rather than strong control is permitted for multiple population tests. For phase III marker‐stratified trials, it is expected that treatment efficacy is established in a particular patient population, possibly in a marker‐defined subpopulation, and that the marker accuracy is assessed when the marker is used to restrict the indication or labelling of the treatment to a marker‐based subpopulation, ie, assessment of the clinical validity of the marker. In this paper, we develop statistical testing strategies based on criteria that are explicitly designated to the marker assessment, including those examining treatment effects in marker‐negative patients. As existing and developed statistical testing strategies can assert treatment efficacy for either the overall patient population or the marker‐positive subpopulation, we also develop criteria for evaluating the operating characteristics of the statistical testing strategies based on the probabilities of asserting treatment efficacy across marker subpopulations. Numerical evaluations to compare the statistical testing strategies based on the developed criteria are provided.     

Blinded continuous monitoring in clinical trials with recurrent event endpoints

In studies with recurrent event endpoints, misspecified assumptions of event rates or dispersion can lead to underpowered trials or overexposure of patients. Specification of overdispersion is often a particular problem as it is usually not reported in clinical trial publications. Changing event rates over the years have been described for some diseases, adding to the uncertainty in planning. To mitigate the risks of inadequate sample sizes, internal pilot study designs have been proposed with a preference for blinded sample size reestimation procedures, as they generally do not affect the type I error rate and maintain trial integrity. Blinded sample size reestimation procedures are available for trials with recurrent events as endpoints. However, the variance in the reestimated sample size can be considerable in particular with early sample size reviews. Motivated by a randomized controlled trial in paediatric multiple sclerosis, a rare neurological condition in children, we apply the concept of blinded continuous monitoring of information, which is known to reduce the variance in the resulting sample size. Assuming negative binomial distributions for the counts of recurrent relapses, we derive information criteria and propose blinded continuous monitoring procedures. The operating characteristics of these are assessed in Monte Carlo trial simulations demonstrating favourable properties with regard to type I error rate, power, and stopping time, ie, sample size.     

Modifications of sequential designs in bioequivalence trials

Bioequivalence (BE) studies are designed to show that two formulations of one drug are equivalent and they play an important role in drug development. When in a design stage, it is possible that there is a high degree of uncertainty on variability of the formulations and the actual performance of the test versus reference formulation. Therefore, an interim look may be desirable to stop the study if there is no chance of claiming BE at the end (futility), or claim BE if evidence is sufficient (efficacy), or adjust the sample size. Sequential design approaches specially for BE studies have been proposed previously in publications. We applied modification to the existing methods focusing on simplified multiplicity adjustment and futility stopping. We name our method modified sequential design for BE studies (MSDBE). Simulation results demonstrate comparable performance between MSDBE and the original published methods while MSDBE offers more transparency and better applicability. The R package MSDBE is available at https://sites.google.com/site/modsdbe/ . Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

论证券市场化解委托代理风险的作用机制

本文首先探讨了证券市场化解股份有限公司代理人道德风险问题的作用机制 ,并进一步详尽地分析了该机制发挥作用需要具备的条件 ,包括 :证券市场存在、证券市场具有完善的信息交流功能、证券市场有效性较高等。文章继而对照上述条件分析了我国证券市场的现状。最后提出了改进的对策     

试析我国国有控股公司的反垄断问题

认为应将国有控股公司纳入反垄断法的规制框架 ,规制的目的是为了控制市场过度集中和行政权的侵入 ,在此基础上 ,可以把国有控股公司区分为行业性国有控股公司和综合性国有控股公司 ,并提出了具体的反垄断法对策。     

独立董事制度刍议

本文阐述了建立独立董事制度的重要意义,分析了我国上市公司独立董事制度存在的问题,并提出了健全我国独立董事制度的对策。     

当前财务公司存在的问题及对策

阐述了我国财务公司的性质和特点；指出并分析了当前我国财务公司存在的业务定位不准，融资渠道狭窄，缺乏人才资源和行政干预过多等主要问题；提出了明确财务公司的定位，拓展金融服务功能，拓宽融资渠道，开发人才资源，制定长远发展战略，提高竞争力和抗风险能力等解决问题的对策。     

论现代企业的人文管理

自世界上第一家现代意义上的企业诞生以来,企业管理的理论和实践经历了二次质的飞跃.第一次是经验管理向科学管理的飞跃,第二次是科学管理向人文管理的飞跃.科学管理向人文管理飞跃的实质在于以物为中心的管理向以人为中心的管理转移.现代企业人文管理强调以人为中心,注重员工的内心世界,激发员工的内在潜力,全面参与企业管理.     

对欠发达地区农村信用社运行效率的分析

农村信用社改革及其运行效率是当前中国金融界的一个重要课题,农村信用社运行效率的高低依赖于改革的主导力量及其模式的具体选择。中国农村信用社已经历了多次在政府主导下进行的反反复复的体制性变迁,产权制度及治理结构问题未能得到有效解决,其运行效率较低。结合在江西若干县(区)的调查,对欠发达地区农村信用社运行效率进行了分析,并提出了提升农村信用社运行效率的对策建议。