Consumption and poverty in the homes of the English poor,c. 1670–1834

The consumer behaviour of the poor in the long eighteenth century has attracted more historical attention in recent years. Yet, we have little understanding of whether regional factors affected consumption or how the poor’s ownership of household goods was influenced by level of poverty and the life-cycle. By focusing on Kent and drawing comparisons to other counties, this article argues that the material lives of the poor were improving by the late eighteenth century, but finds that there were distinct regional differences as the poor acquired more and better goods in London and the Home Counties than in relatively remote areas. Moreover, by using pauper inventories and labourers’ probate inventories, the research finds that the poor were not a homogeneous group with similar levels of material wealth, but should be considered in terms of different subgroups which often led very different material lives to one another due to life-cycle-related problems including sickness and old age. Labourers’ probate inventories are found to represent a minority of the poor who were materially richer than most, whilst pauper inventories appear to represent a more typical subgroup of the poor that struggled to make do and owned most types of goods in smaller numbers.     

罪与法——论卡夫卡小说的核心主题

该文认为 :罪与法是卡夫卡小说的核心主题 ,法的隐退是它的基本语境 ;卡夫卡世界是一个虚无主宰的世界 ,在此世界中 ,人被规定为绝对有罪 ;这种无罪之罪实质上就是异化 ,它正是卡夫卡最为关注的现代人生存的基本处境。     

评鲍德里亚的"消费社会理论"

鲍德里亚系统提出了"消费社会"的理论。他企图对唯物史观进行"颠覆"是错误的。但是不能简单地认为他是资本主义制度的辩护士。鲍德里亚不懂得马克思从根本上颠覆了国民经济学和唯心主义历史观的两种"幻象",从而奠定了生产和劳动对于人类社会存在与发展的基础性地位;不懂得消费与生产的现实辩证关系,片面地离开生产探讨消费的新特征,甚至主张用消费取代生产。消费异化是劳动异化的表现。技术救赎不可能解决当代人类面临的重大社会问题。     

论科技的人化

科技人化主要是指科技的人文化、人性化、人道化,科技化的目的是克服科技的无人与无视人的状态,把科技完全建立在人的基础上,始终围绕人的个性自由、现实生存、未来发展进行,使科技复归于人的生活世界,并真正成为人的科技。     

论技术异化的二重性影响

技术是满足人不断增长的需要的手段和方法,属生产力范畴,是促进经济发展的第一生产力.然而,随着科学技术的发展,技术本身成为控制社会和人类的一种异己力量,这种现象叫技术异化.技术异化在现实生活中有很多表现方式,本文从技术的自然属性和社会属性来探讨技术异化的根源.     

质押——个人住房消费贷款的一种制度创新

文章分析了推行个人住房消费质押贷款的优势和可行性,探讨了可以用来作为住房质押贷款的质物和住房消费质押贷款的运作机制,最后指出了个人住房消费质押贷款能顺利运作所必须的支撑体系.     

文化身份认同危机与异化——论查建英的《到美国去!到美国去!》

不同于上几代老移民作家,也有异于同时代的一些新移民作家,作为20世纪80年代的新移民作家代表,美籍华人查建英致力于描写北美华裔所面临的文化和性别冲突.她徘徊于中西文化之间,体会着"边缘化"的状态,其作品《到美国去!到美国去!》透视了"边缘人"的生存和心理状态,反映出人物在中/西矛盾对立中特殊的充满悖论式的生存困境,揭示了新移民难以逃遁的文化身份认同危机和异化等问题,以及在身份认同危机和异化中所追求的一种自我放逐的自由.     

Consumption and Saving Behavior of Older and Younger Baby Boomers in Korea

The 1998 Korean Survey of Family Income and Expenditures was used to examine the overall consumption and saving behavior of Korean baby boomers and compared the differences in consumption and saving behavior between older and younger boomers. The t -test results indicated that the younger boomers allocated a significantly higher percentage of their expenditures on food away from home, household appliances, transportation and communication than did the older boomers, whereas the older boomers spent higher amounts and allocated larger budget shares on their children's education than did the younger boomers. The results of Ordinary Least-Squares (OLS) regression analysis showed that, holding other factors constant, older boomers not only spent significantly more in the total consumption expenditures and education expenditures, but older boomers also saved significantly less than did younger boomers.     

Consumption Patterns of Chinese Children

In the ten-year period from 1990 to 1999, children's consumption has increased dramatically in proportion to family income. In 85% of urban families, children's average consumption is equal to one third or more of the family's income. Resources are being directed to children's food and dietary supplements, toys, travel, computers and other electronic equipment, and educational resources. Children perceive that they have a significant influence on the family's financial decision-making. Problems related to children's consumption include indulgence in unnecessary or harmful purchases, and conspicuous consumption that cannot be sustained by the family's income. While some child-focused spending is viewed as enriching development, other expenditures may harm the family's economic well-being and foster an overly materialistic outlook among children.     

痛苦的旅程——谈谈奥尼尔的《进入黑夜的漫长旅程》

尤金·奥尼尔是美国第一位把戏剧看作是一种严肃文学的剧作家。他在《进入黑夜的漫长旅程》中,以犀利的文笔揭示了资本主义社会中人被金钱所异化的现象,人与人之间的隔阂使得人们互不理解、互不信任、甚至互相仇视。奥尼尔在现代资本主义社会琐碎、杂乱的日常生活中找到了新的题材,使美国现代戏剧散发出古希腊悲剧的光彩。