从汉俄语的三次借词高潮看语言文化接触情况

本文试从汉、俄两种语言外来词的借入过程中所出现的高潮现象这一视角出发,运用社会语言学和对比语言学的相关理论,研究两种语言中语言与文化方面的接触情况及广义的外部借词的特点。     

翻译与文化信息的传递

传递文化信息是翻译的首要任务 ,而文化信息可大体分为浓、淡两类。浓厚的文化信息在翻译中不宜浅化 ,但较淡的文化信息可相应虚化。虽不同的翻译目的能够导致不同的翻译行为 ,但为了使文化信息进行有效的传递 ,方法上宜在忠实原作原意的基础上 ,争取译出文字的表面文化信息。     

基于直接接触凝结理论的汽液两相流升压模型

针对汽液两相流升压装置利用经验模型计算的过程中，仅能对出口压力进行计算，且计算值与实验值有较大误差的弱点，提出了用直接接触凝结（DCC）的理论求解汽液两相流的一维理论模型。计算升压装置的最大出口压力，分析其他参量的变化规律。结果表明，汽液两相流在凝结激波前为泡沫流，在凝结激波后完全凝结成单相水的情况下，升压装置的出口压力达到最大值。     

Linguistic differentiation and Mayan language revitalization in Guatemala1

This paper presents a quantitative study of syntactic change in the context of Mayan language revitalization in Guatemala. Quantitative analyses of grammatical variation and code‐switching patterns were used to examine the degree of Spanish influence in the speech of three generations of Sipakapense‐Spanish bilinguals. The younger generations show lower frequencies of code‐switching compared to the oldest generation. In terms of syntactic variation, younger speakers show patterns that suggest a resistance to influence from Spanish. The results suggest that younger speakers are hyperdifferentiating the two languages by avoiding traditional Sipakapense constructions that could be interpreted as resulting from Spanish influence. The analysis highlights the important role of language ideology in cases of language change due to contact and language shift.     

从汉字探析原始巫术思维

巫术在远古时代是人们生活的核心,汉字是先民以概念的形式和理性的认识对自然现象、社会现象的分析和概括。本文旨在通过"对鬼""﹑巫""﹑修""、姅"等相关汉字初形、语义场的分析,采用逻辑分析的方法,以考察原始巫术的源头发生,追踪其流变历史,探析其形式背后的规律。我们认为,巫术的实质是一种错误联系,"但公众巫术"在历史发展中起到了一定的积极作用,因此,对巫术应进行辩证的认识。     

我国各民族交往交流交融的空间生产与实践路径

各民族交往交流交融是铸牢中华民族共同体意识的路径选择。民族社会结构的存在和发展为各民族交往交流交融提供了可实现的行动空间及空间生产基础,运用空间生产理论对民族交往交流交融的空间生产与空间结构进行分析,即各民族交往的物质空间生产是基于共同利益与互惠发展的经济交往、各民族交流的符号空间生产是注重共有价值和情感寄托的文化交流、各民族交融的精神空间生产是强调生活互嵌和共生体验的精神交融。基于此,加强各民族交往交流交融的实践路径应是推动民族地区经济交往,构建以平衡互惠为原则的多民族经济圈;促进民族乡土文化交流,发展以情感共鸣为重心的乡村文化中心;深化各族群众生活交融,规划以结构互嵌为内核的社区公共空间。通过上述路径,达成铸牢中华民族共同体意识的根本目标。     

清末民初桂西北壮汉瑶三族群际接触的 作用机制及当代启示 ——基于高甲布努瑶歌文本的研究

高甲布努瑶歌文本是瑶族用壮族古壮字传抄并以北部壮语方言为主要演述语言的民间口承文献。桂西北壮汉瑶三族交错杂居的分布特征为群际接触提供重要场域,也为民族交往交流交融奠定空间基础。受接触场景中政治、交通、经济与教育等各种因素的影响,清末民初桂西北壮汉瑶三族的群际接触分为积极与消极两种接触情况,其群际接触的中介变量包括群体间的依存关系、群际互动、群际情绪和认知因素等,这些中介变量所凝练出的历史经验对当前推动民族交流交融仍具有重要的启示意义。     

Openness in adoption: Challenging the narrative of historical progress

One significant change in adoption practice that has occurred over the last four decades is the shift away from an expectation of confidentiality towards an expectation of openness in adoption. Openness is typically conceived in terms of the level of contact between adoptive and birth families following adoption or the extent to which adoption is openly discussed within the adoptive family. While these shifts in practice have generated controversy, they are largely supported by research evidence and have become a feature of contemporary adoptive family life. As a result, the narrative that has emerged in relation to openness in adoption is one of historical progress. In this paper, I argue that the lived reality of adoption is less straightforward than this narrative suggests. An analysis of the social and cultural context in which adoption operates suggests instead that the persistent feature of adoption throughout this historical period of increasing openness can be more accurately described as a state of enduring ambiguity regarding the nature of post‐adoption relationships. The paper highlights the potentially damaging consequences of overlooking this aspect of adoptive family life and comments on the role of policy in shaping openness in adoption.     

A method for choosing the smoothing parameter in a semi-parametric model for detecting change-points in blood flow

In a smoothing spline model with unknown change-points, the choice of the smoothing parameter strongly influences the estimation of the change-point locations and the function at the change-points. In a tumor biology example, where change-points in blood flow in response to treatment were of interest, choosing the smoothing parameter based on minimizing generalized cross-validation (GCV) gave unsatisfactory estimates of the change-points. We propose a new method, aGCV, that re-weights the residual sum of squares and generalized degrees of freedom terms from GCV. The weight is chosen to maximize the decrease in the generalized degrees of freedom as a function of the weight value, while simultaneously minimizing aGCV as a function of the smoothing parameter and the change-points. Compared with GCV, simulation studies suggest that the aGCV method yields improved estimates of the change-point and the value of the function at the change-point.     

Staff Perceptions of Same-Gender Sexual Contacts in Long-Term Care Facilities

An ongoing fear in the gay and lesbian community is that long-term care (LTC) facilities may not be sensitive to their needs. In the present study, 218 LTC staff members responded to one of three vignettes in which resident sexual contact was observed, with only the gender of the characters changing, to create different gender pairings. Results suggested that staff rated male-male and female-female pairings more negatively than heterosexual intimacy. Knowledge about older adult sexuality made little difference in staff ratings. However, staff attitudes were directly related to ratings of negative reaction and level of acceptability of same-gender sexuality.