制度风险的法律维度: 突破非物质文化遗产保护的瓶颈

以风险理论审视非物质文化遗产的现行法律制度,根据风险产生根源不同,非物质文化遗产保护的制度风险会表现为制度运转失灵风险、制度功能偏差风险和公平性缺失风险。化解制度风险,形成制度风险的维度,不可基于同一个标准,而是需要在大的框架之下论及制度风险的法律管控,需要有针对性地创构"建立私权,善用公权"的多元法律控制体系,并在体系内引入技术规制,创设"非物质文化遗产权",推动民间习惯法与法律制度、公法与私法的互动式发展。     

Understanding Cumulative Risk Perception from Judgments and Choices: An Application to Flood Risks

Catastrophic events, such as floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, and tsunamis, are rare, yet the cumulative risk of each event occurring at least once over an extended time period can be substantial. In this work, we assess the perception of cumulative flood risks, how those perceptions affect the choice of insurance, and whether perceptions and choices are influenced by cumulative risk information. We find that participants' cumulative risk judgments are well represented by a bimodal distribution, with a group that severely underestimates the risk and a group that moderately overestimates it. Individuals who underestimate cumulative risks make more risk‐seeking choices compared to those who overestimate cumulative risks. Providing explicit cumulative risk information for relevant time periods, as opposed to annual probabilities, is an inexpensive and effective way to improve both the perception of cumulative risk and the choices people make to protect against that risk.     

Politics and Scientific Expertise: Scientists, Risk Perception, and Nuclear Waste Policy

To study the homogeneity and influences on scientists'perspectives of environmental risks, we have examined similarities and differences in risk perceptions, particularly regarding nuclear wastes, and policy preferences among 1011 scientists and engineers. We found significant differences ( p 0.05)in the patterns of beliefs among scientists from different fields of research. In contrast to physicists, chemists, and engineers, life scientists tend to: (a)perceive the greatest risks from nuclear energy and nuclear waste management; (b)perceive higher levels of overall environmental risk; (c)strongly oppose imposing risks on unconsenting individuals; and (d)prefer stronger requirements for environmental management. On some issues related to priorities among public problems and calls for government action, there are significant variations among life scientists or physical scientists. We also found that–independently of field of research–perceptions of risk and its correlates are significantly associated with the type of institution in which the scientist is employed. Scientists in universities or state and local governments tend to see the risks of nuclear energy and wastes as greater than scientists who work as business consultants, for federal organizations, or for private research laboratories. Significant differences also are found in priority given to environmental risks, the perceived proximity of environmental disaster, willingness to impose risks on an unconsenting population, and the necessity of accepting risks and sacrifices.     

集中优势发展重庆电子信息产业

在分析重庆市电子信息设备制造业现状、发展的有利与不利因素以及国内外发展态势的基础上对重庆(?)子信息产业的发展提出了九条对策建议。     

高校加强大学生心理健康教育问题探索

本文针对近期大学生中出现的一系列心理问题,结合教学实际,就如何加强大学生心理健康教育进行了探讨,提出开设心理健康课、成立心理咨询中心等建议。     

入世对党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争的影响

中国加入世贸组织 ,标志着我国对外开放进入了一个新阶段 ,对正处于急速发展中的我国经济、政治、文化、国际地位等诸多方面都将产生深刻的影响 ,同时也会影响到我们正在强化中的党风廉政建设和反腐败工作 ,我们应抓住入世的有利时机 ,进一步加大从源头上预防和治理腐败工作的力度 ,铲除腐败现象蔓延的土壤和条件     

入世对中国商业银行业的影响及对策

剖析了国有商业银行目前存在的问题 ,阐述了入世后外资银行所带来的冲击与挑战 ,提出了国有商业银行在激烈竞争中立于不败之地的对策及措施 :一、深化国有商业银行改革 ,加强风险控制 ,提高资产质量 ;二、支持鼓励国有商业银行的业务创新 ,广辟服务渠道 ,提高服务水平和效率 ;三、积极发展国内外商业银行间的良好合作关系 ,促进金融资源的合理流动 ;四、树立新的经营理念 ,加强员工的科学管理 ;五、加强和改进金融监管 ,提高金融监管绩效。     

预期违约与不安抗辩制度的研究

探讨预期违约与不安抗辩制度的渊源和特征 ,比较研究两种制度的法律内涵 ,指出预期违约与不安抗辩制度相互独立 ,不可替代 ,各有优劣。分析《中华人民共和国合同法》所确立的预期违约与不安抗辩制度 ,是在借鉴吸收国外立法经验基础上的历史性突破 ,标志着我国合同制度的进一步完善     

中国家庭道德的困境及其应对

中国家庭道德的困境表现为家庭道德评价的失范性,家庭道德选择的矛盾性和家庭道德调控的弱化。针对以上困境,我们应采取的相应对策是:大力宣传家庭道德的意义与价值;建构与时代精神相适应的家庭道德规范;完善家庭道德调控机制,有效地发挥它们的作用。     

中国环境资源法律实施的障碍及对策

全面建设小康社会要求解决好环境资源问题,而环境资源问题解决的地实施.文章探讨了环境资源法律实施的内涵及其价值,分析了影响环境资源法律实施的因素以及深层基础原因,同时提出了要从建立环境法律体系和环境法律机制,配套环境法律实施的外部制度,加强环境法律监督,加强环境法律宣传,提高环境执法水平和司法水平,建立环境资源法律实施的评价标准等方面完善中国环境资源法律实施的制度.