遮蔽、退潮与新变 ——20世纪80年代革命历史小说的命运

在主流文学史叙述中,20世纪80年代成为了革命历史小说发展脉络中的断裂。20世纪80年代的革命历史小说表现出两条线索:一方面,传统话语的革命历史小说出现退潮的趋势;另一方面,在“向内转”的创作潮流下,革命历史题材的小说也在思想与艺术层面消解了宏大叙事,并呈现出多种新的样态。80年代“纯文学”思潮对“革命历史小说”这一概念的遮蔽,正是一种新的文化规约。     

毛泽东文艺思想的政治性文论特质及其重建

政治性文论、学术性文论、体悟性文论与教科书文论是20世纪中国文学理论的4种基本存在方式与形态类型.毛泽东文艺思想是20世纪文学理论史上最为典型的政治性文论.政治性文论指的是近现代文学理论的一种基本形态,它是特定的阶级、政治集团或政党的文艺观的系统化与理论化,政治性文论也分析并阐释文学现象的本质及其规律,但它更为重视的不是文学的内在规律、形式技巧,而是文学的外部规律,强调的是文学的思想内容尤其是思想内容的政治导向性.20世纪中国文学理论在自身的发展中,所曾出现的政治性文论的一统化、一体化与一元化,并非是理论批评自身逻辑选择的结果,而是政治文化外在规约的结果.     

从西方史学发展看“政治“与“历史“的关系

古往今来,无论中西,政治与历史关系密切.本文在分析西方历史观和政治观历史演变的基础上,对西方史学发展进程中政治与历史之间关系的演变进行了论证和剖析;最后指出在西方史学发展的新阶段,新史学提出了新情境下的"政治"与"历史"的新内涵,从而改造了传统的"政治"与"历史"的关系,事实上起了非政治化和泛政治化的作用,但无论就内容还是本质来看,"历史"从未离开过"政治","政治"也须臾没有离开过"历史".     

Currency boards,depoliticization and macroeconomic stability: the political economy of institutional complementarities*

This article analyzes the potential for institutional design to depoliticize macroeconomic policy-making by examining currency board arrangements. It develops a novel argument to understand the effects of institutional design based on institutional complementarities. This argument highlights that the functioning of a given institution is conditioned by the broader institutional context. The article contrasts this framework with two common approaches – here termed the institutional design and the epiphenomenalism views – and argues that the centrality of institutional complementarities can account for the mixed record of currency boards. The most important complementarities of a currency board are with fiscal, labor market and informal institutions, which are important prerequisites for successful currency boards. By drawing on recent advances in the study of depoliticization, we show how these institutions contribute to governmental, societal and discursive depoliticization. This argument is evaluated by examining three case studies of currency boards – Argentina, Estonia and Lithuania. The article also explores some broader implications of this analysis for understanding the depoliticization of economic policy.     

“Wham Bam Tap Scratch Screech”: The Brief—but Proud—History of Lesbian London, 1991–1994

During its time in circulation from 1991–1994, Lesbian London set out to provide a voice for lesbians, but also to resist what it saw as the creeping malaise of commercialization and depoliticization of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) communities. Virtually every topic of relevance to its readership was covered within the pages of each monthly issue, available free of charge. Despite its standout contribution, the magazine has been all but forgotten. Moreover, its untimely demise raises important questions about the future prospects of radical, non-commercial publications as well as about the direction of LGBT politics.     

International organizations beyond depoliticized governance

This article aims at questioning the idea that international organizations (IOs) are ‘depoliticized’ by nature. Based on a review of the literature in sociology, political science, and anthropology about IOs, the purpose is to provide an analysis of the dialectic about politicization and depoliticization in IOs. We identify the main processes through which depoliticization is operated by IOs: the use of ethics and norms, the political neutralization of their official rhetoric, and the resorting to multiform expertise as a means of apolitical self-legitimization. We also explore the factors that may explain this tendency to depoliticize: their problematic status in regard to democratic theory, the diplomatic constraints attached to the intergovernmental structure of their managing bodies, and the administrative and cultural constraints that befall IOs’ bureaucracies. Finally, we try to go beyond the concept of depoliticization by stressing the consequences of politicization that stem from IOs’ resilient political rhetoric and from the ethical norms and expertise produced by IOs. Because IOs cannot totally eliminate political controversy and debates, the idea of ‘international depoliticized governance’ as a result of IOs activity should be put into perspective.