Optimal Ordering Policies for Stochastic Inventory Problems with Observed Information Delays

Information delays exist in an inventory system when it takes time to collect, process, validate, and transmit inventory/demand data. A general framework is developed in this paper to describe information flows in an inventory system with information delays. We characterize the sufficient statistics for making optimal decisions. When the ordering cost is linear, the optimality of a state‐dependent base‐stock policy is established even when information flows are allowed to cross over time. Additional insights into the problem are obtained via a comparison between our models and the models with stochastic order lead times. We also show that inventory can substitute for information and vice versa.     

楚骚“发愤抒情”说对汉代“情性”思想的影响

楚骚文化是建立在楚地文化风俗基础上的一种独特文化,蕴含着意蕴深厚的美学思想,并积淀于汉代艺术的文化精神的深层。在中国诗学发展的逻辑链上,屈原及其骚体诗创作实践以及司马迁的＂发愤著书＂说是一个重要的起点,对于魏晋时才标举的＂缘情＂说,具有奠基和示范的重要价值。     

执着与旷达：苏轼诗词的还乡情结

苏轼是我国最为杰出的乡恋诗人,苏轼的还乡情结表露了对生命的珍视,对安定感和安全感的呼唤,对自由生活的向往。他直面不能还乡的现实,积极调整自我心态,用崭新的时空观完成了对生命主体的超越。     

Statistical games against a prophet-proof of a minimax conjecture

“Prophet theory” quantifies the price a statistician has to pay for his lack of information in stochastic sequences. In a recent paper, Schmitz (1991) gave a game-theoretical interpretation of this situation and he formulated in particular a minimax conjecture for the difference case. In this note we prove that conjecture and, moreover, present minimax ran domized stopping times (minimax procedures for the statistician).     

实质重于形式原则在新会计准则中的应用

新颁布的《企业会计准则》借鉴国际会计惯例，在会计信息质量要求中增加实质重于形式原则，是健全中国会计核算体系的重大举措。指出强化实质重于形式原则的意义，探讨实质重于形式原则在新《企业会计准则》中的应用及需注意的问题。     

Measuring effectiveness of production in the public sector

Key concepts in efficiency analyses are efficiency and effectiveness. Efficiency is popularly connected to ‘doing the things right’ and effectiveness to ‘doing the right things’. The paper elaborates upon the latter concept within a setting where resources are transformed into outputs under the control of a public provider, while outcomes with outputs as inputs represent higher social goals, but this production is outside the public provider׳s direct control. A new measure of overall preference effectiveness is introduced and its decomposition into output-oriented efficiency and output-mix efficiency is shown. The monumental task of getting the necessary information for calculating effectiveness is highlighted.     

Reputation and Mechanism Choice in Procurement Auctions: An Experiment

We experimentally study the role of reputation in procurement using two common mechanisms: price‐based and buyer‐determined auctions. While buyers are bound to buy from the lowest bidder in price‐based auctions, they can choose between bidders in buyer‐determined auctions. Only the latter buyers can consider the reputation of bidders. We find that bidders supply higher quality in buyer‐determined auctions leading to higher market efficiencies in these auctions. Accordingly, buyers prefer the buyer‐determined auction over the price‐based auction, while only half of the bidders do so. A more detailed analysis of buyers' and bidders' behavior and profits provides insights into their mechanism choice.     

论人文资源的经济价值

人文资源已经成为一种不可或缺的经济资源,但人们对于它的经济价值却不甚了了,这样就形成了同自然资源利用中相同的局面,资源无价,造成了人文资源的大量破坏与浪费。探索人文资源的价值及其判定方法,对人文资源实行价值化、资产化管理,对于我们充分合理开发和利用人文资源、切实有效地保护人文资源具有其他方法不可替代的作用和意义。人文资源的价值只能由形成、保护、传承和开发所消耗的劳动量来决定。在现实的价格决定方法中影子价格法是较为科学的、能够反映人文资源真实价值的方法。     

略谈汉语人名读写的两个原则

中国人对于名字比较讲究,并很重视,叫错或写错别人的名字,不仅会闹成笑话,而且也显示出对于姓名本人的不尊重。正确读写人名要遵循两个原则,一是“名从主人”,即按照主人的意愿读写;二是定由规范,即按照国家的相关规范以及计算机标准化处理技术来正确读写。     

技术决定还是社会建构？——从混沌理论角度探析技术与社会的整体性关系

在讨论关于技术与社会的关系时,一种观点是技术决定论,另一种则是社会建构论,而这两种都是简单的线形观点。根据混沌理论的观点,分析认为,技术与社会是一个相互作用的整体。