新疆棉花生产优势及其充分利用问题

文章在阐述新疆棉花生产优势的基础上,提出充分利用新疆棉花生产优势的措施和途径:恢复和发展我区棉纺织企业,增加对棉花产品的本地需求量;充分利用国内和国际市场;实行规模化生产,加快新疆棉花生产经营的专业化措施、市场化速度;充分利用政府的职能和作用。     

筛选叶面喷施剂减轻旱涝灾害

本文提出使用叶面喷施剂的新概念,讨论了其作用和发展前景。观察了国内外10种药物对减轻旱涝灾害的效果,其中2种药物同田试验结果较日本名牌产品爱多收效果略好,2种药物较台湾健生素效果略好。2种属国内最新研制的新药。在与国内同类产品稀土、增产菌,903、多效唑、802、喷施宝、麻果素的同田对比中领先。     

民国时期陕西棉麦良种改进的成就与经验

民国时期,陕西大规模引进、培育和推广棉麦良种,成效显著;到1945年,改良棉种植面积已占当年陕西植棉总面积的91%,良种小麦推广面积7年之内扩大100余倍,这不仅使陕西经济获益匪浅,也泽及全国,为抗战胜利做出了贡献。究其原因,一是引进和培育相结合,使良种推广保持在一个较高的水平;二是农事机关具有一定的权威性,能够协调各种组织、机构和农民一道促进良种推广;三是引入市场机制,刺激农民主动按科学方法推广良种。     

棉籽壳价格变动轨迹及其对食用菌生产的影响——基于2010-2012年我国棉籽壳价格分析

分析了2010年1月至2012年2月间我国棉籽壳的价格变动轨迹以及近10年来的棉籽壳供求特征,运用灰色关联法分析棉籽壳价格变动对食用菌市场价格的影响.结果表明：我国棉籽壳价格变动幅度较大;棉籽壳处于供不应求的状态,且这种供求关系在不同地区表现出较大差异;食用菌生产对棉籽壳具有较强的依赖;棉籽壳价格波动对食用菌市场价格具有重要影响.提出了促进我国食用菌产业发展的对策建议：加大科研力度,寻找食用菌基料新配方,降低食用菌生产对棉籽壳依赖程度;建立棉籽壳交易中心,完善棉籽壳交易机制,平抑棉籽壳价格波动,保证棉籽壳供应,提高菇农收入;增加棉籽壳进口,从海外市场寻求棉籽壳供给.     

The Gamma-count distribution in the analysis of experimental underdispersed data

Event counts are response variables with non-negative integer values representing the number of times that an event occurs within a fixed domain such as a time interval, a geographical area or a cell of a contingency table. Analysis of counts by Gaussian regression models ignores the discreteness, asymmetry and heteroscedasticity and is inefficient, providing unrealistic standard errors or possibly negative predictions of the expected number of events. The Poisson regression is the standard model for count data with underlying assumptions on the generating process which may be implausible in many applications. Statisticians have long recognized the limitation of imposing equidispersion under the Poisson regression model. A typical situation is when the conditional variance exceeds the conditional mean, in which case models allowing for overdispersion are routinely used. Less reported is the case of underdispersion with fewer modeling alternatives and assessments available in the literature. One of such alternatives, the Gamma-count model, is adopted here in the analysis of an agronomic experiment designed to investigate the effect of levels of defoliation on different phenological states upon the number of cotton bolls. Data set and code for analysis are available as online supplements. Results show improvements over the Poisson model and the semi-parametric quasi-Poisson model in capturing the observed variability in the data. Estimating rather than assuming the underlying variance process leads to important insights into the process.     

张謇与清末民初钢铁业

对钢铁业的关注是张謇经济思想活动一个重要环节。张謇对我国钢铁业的规划建设主要发生于其任职农商部之后,着眼于主管机构的组织建设、铁矿的国有经营、铁厂的建设规划以及对汉冶萍的处理等问题上,表现为认识与实践两个方面。     

张謇经济思想与实践浅析

在长期兴办实业的过程中,张謇形成了丰富的经济思想。主要是以实业救国为号召,棉铁主义为核心,振兴农务为基础,并以开放主义和发展教育为经济发展的前提,强调经济立法。     

黄河三角洲近代棉业改良及其影响

黄河三角洲为中国近代著名的棉花品种科学改良试验基地,成功选育出脱字47号、36号、57号等美棉良种与齐东4号等中棉良种,并进行了一系列棉花栽培试验。黄河三角洲近代棉业改良不仅对黄河三角洲,而且对山东乃至全国棉作产生重大影响:一是打造并愈益彰显了黄河三角洲区域经济的特色与地位,二是进一步巩固了山东植棉大省的地位,三是引领、带动了全国植棉业的发展。     

我国棉花产业供求现状与趋势

作为土地密集型农产品，我国棉花产量增长空间有限，仅靠国内生产短期内无法解决棉花的供需缺I：／。随着棉花需求量的旺盛增长，大量进口将成为我国棉花产业的常态，未来中国棉花市场的对外依存度或将进一步上升。为提升我国棉花产业竞争力，应建立权威的信息发布平台和棉花预警机制；深化棉花市场化改革，建立现代棉花市场体系；加强与产棉国的多边和双边合作，扩大我国棉花的进口来源。     

Institutional Diversity and Performance in African Cotton Sectors

This article analyses the performance of cotton sectors across East, Southern, and West Africa, paying particular attention to the wide diversity of institutional arrangements that they now exhibit. It finds strong support for earlier contentions regarding trade‐offs between competition and coordination, and between the roles of public and private sectors. New insights provide concrete and context‐specific guidance to policy‐makers and stakeholders regarding the key challenges they will face and the risks they will need to manage as they work to improve productivity and ensure an equitable division of benefits within cotton sectors.