Measuring and Achieving Equity in Multiperiod Emergency Material Allocation

Emergency material allocation is an important part of postdisaster emergency logistics that is significant for improving rescue effectiveness and reducing disaster losses. However, the traditional single‐period allocation model often causes local surpluses or shortages and high cost, and prevents the system from achieving an equitable or optimal multiperiod allocation. To achieve equitable allocation of emergency materials in the case of serious shortages relative to the demand by victims, this article introduces a multiperiod model for allocation of emergency materials to multiple affected locations (using an exponential utility function to reflect the disutility loss due to material shortfalls), and illustrates the relationship between equity of allocations and the cost of emergency response. Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate both the feasibility and the usefulness of the proposed model for achieving multiperiod equitable allocation of emergency material among multiple disaster locations. The results indicate that the introduction of a nonlinear utility function to reflect the disutility of large shortfalls can make the material allocation fairer, and minimize large losses due to shortfalls. We found that achieving equity has a significant but not unreasonable impact on emergency costs. We also illustrate that using differing utility functions for different types of materials adds an important dimension of flexibility.     

External knowledge search,absorptive capacity and radical innovation in high-technology firms

Open innovation and absorptive capacity are two concepts based on the idea that companies can leverage the knowledge generated externally to improve their innovation performance. The aim of this paper is to analyse the joint effect of open innovation and absorptive capacity on a firm's radical innovation. Open innovation is expressed in terms of external search breadth and depth strategies and absorptive capacity is described by distinguishing between potential and realized absorptive capacity. In order to test our hypotheses, we carried out empirical research in firms operating in high-technology industries. The results indicate that internal routines and processes for absorbing external knowledge help explain radical innovation as they show a significant effect of potential and realized absorptive capacity. Also, there is a moderating effect of absorptive capacity on open innovation. Specifically, potential absorptive capacity exerts a positive effect on the relationship between external search breadth and depth and radical innovation. Realized absorptive capacity moderates the influence of external search breadth. These findings confirm the complementary nature of absorptive capacity and open innovation search strategies on radical innovation.     

风力发电技术经济分析及对策

介绍了中、美等6个国家的电力构成以及世界风能资源的分布,并对世界风能资源经济效益进行了分析,阐述了风力发电的前景,指出了我国风电产业存在的问题,并提出发展我国风电产业的建议:研发大型风电机组,强化环保法规及给予风电产业以优惠政策.     

常规压井确定循环排量的方法

本文通过对压井循环过程的分析，建立了常规压井循环应满足的基本关系，并通过对基本关系的分析，提出了实际压井循环排量应取压井循环允许的最大排量，并给出了求取实际压井循环排量的方法和实例，最后对循环排气时的环空安全问题提出了考查办法。     

再论企业自知识能力及其管理

根据先前的研究 ,从企业核心能力的角度阐述了自知识能力的本质特征 ,即动态的特征、宽泛的特征、深层次的特征。分析了扼杀企业自知识能力的因素 ,包括企业文化因素、组织结构设计因素、分析性思维因素、策略性决策因素、激励性体系因素等五个方面。在此基础上提出了提升企业自知识能力的对策。     

以核心竞争力为导向的企业并购策略研究

对在市场经济条件下企业核心竞争力形成的途径之一———并购进行研究。从并购企业的目标选择到具体实现并购以及并购后的整合等进行分析,指出并购是公司构筑核心竞争力的必由之路。     

宗申集团核心竞争力创新模式比较研究

在市场竞争日益激烈的今天,企业核心竞争力的培育无疑成为众多企业关注的焦点。本文运用比较分析方法论述了宗申集团的核心竞争力创新模式。在借鉴与分析海尔集团核心竞争力的基础上,对宗申集团的创新模式提出了几点建议。     

Effects of gall volume on survival and fecundity of gall-making aphidsAdelges japonicus (Homoptera: Adelgidae)

Summary The number of larvae reaching maturity within the gall ofAdelges japonicus was positively related to gall volume, and the relationship between the number of mature larvae and gall volume did not change with different densities of colonized larvae. The population changes in the bud galls ofA. japonicus were surveyed by collecting the galls, which did not suffer predation or parasitism within the galls, from young artificial plantations ofPicea jezoensis over two years. In the year when the density of colonized larvae was high, they suffered a 42% mortality within the galls, whereas mortality was nearly zero in the low density year. The numbers of larvae per gall were positively correlated with gall volume. The regression lines of the number of colonized larvae on gall volume did not differ significantly in the regression coefficients between the two years, whereas the intercept was significantly higher in the year when the density of colonized larvae was higher. However, different within-gall mortality nullified this difference, and the regression lines of the number of mature larvae on gall volume had no significant difference both in the regression coefficients and the intercepts. This suggests that the number of mature larvae per gall was limited by available resources within the gall which were positively related to gall volume. In 25% of the galls in which mature larvae inhabited, the space within the galls were completely filled by the larvae, indicating that space was one of the limiting resources. Gall volume also affected the number of adults that emerged from the gall and the potential number of their progeny.     

Creating a reference to a complex emergency situation using time series methods: war in Guinea-Bissau 1998-1999

Impacts of complex emergencies or relief interventions have often been evaluated by absolute mortality compared to international standardized mortality rates. A better evaluation would be to compare with local baseline mortality of the affected populations. A projection of population-based survival data into time of emergency or intervention based on information from before the emergency may create a local baseline reference. We find a log-transformed Gaussian time series model where standard errors of the estimated rates are included in the variance to have the best forecasting capacity. However, if time-at-risk during the forecasted period is known then forecasting might be done using a Poisson time series model with overdispersion. Whatever, the standard error of the estimated rates must be included in the variance of the model either in an additive form in a Gaussian model or in a multiplicative form by overdispersion in a Poisson model. Data on which the forecasting is based must be modelled carefully concerning not only calendar-time trends but also periods with excessive frequency of events (epidemics) and seasonal variations to eliminate residual autocorrelation and to make a proper reference for comparison, reflecting changes over time during the emergency. Hence, when modelled properly it is possible to predict a reference to an emergency-affected population based on local conditions. We predicted childhood mortality during the war in Guinea-Bissau 1998-1999. We found an increased mortality in the first half-year of the war and a mortality corresponding to the expected one in the last half-year of the war.     

劳动能力丧失损害赔偿的理论依据问题

劳动能力本质上属于健康权人格利益,不是独立的人格权。劳动能力的丧失是原来具有劳动能力的自然人受到他人的侵害后而致使身体残疾的结果。劳动能力丧失赔偿的所得丧失说、劳动能力丧失说、生活来源丧失说,都存在缺陷,应当予以重构。在确定我国丧失劳动能力损害赔偿制度的理论论据时,应当采用一种更为科学的理论,即以劳动能力为基础的收入丧失说。在实践中,则要以此为依据来确定劳动收入赔偿金、残疾用具费、生活上增加的必需支出、特殊医疗费、被扶养人生活费、精神抚慰金等内容。