乙醇透析发酵耦合过程研究（Ⅰ）

设计了乙醇发酵与膜透析耦合系统并进行了试验研究．结果表明，该过程可减少产物乙醇对发酵的抑制作用，膜透析系统的乙醇总量比对照组提高２０％～８０％，基质转化率提高３０％～８０％．     

多板纲动物的不同保存方法对基因组DNA提取的影响

为了探讨最佳的适合提取DNA的石鳖样本保方法,以日本花棘石鳖Liolophura japonica、日本宽板石鳖Placiphorella japonica、红条毛肤石鳖Acanthochiton ruhrolineatus、平濑锦石鳖Onithochiton hirasei、网纹鬃毛石鳖Mopalia retifera为实验材料,对其分别以甲醛浸泡、95%乙醇浸泡、-75℃超低温保存的样本进行基因组DNA提取.通过紫外分光光度计、琼脂糖凝胶电泳对DNA产物进行检测.结果表明：新鲜材料和用乙醇保存的样品比用-75℃超低温保存的样品提取出的DNA纯度和浓度都高,用甲醛浸泡的方法保存没有提取出DNA.结果表明,超低温保存适合用于DNA提取.但是由于条件限制,长距离外采集样本时适合于用乙醇保存,并且成本较低.     

国外电磁篱笆建设要素分析

日益增长的空间碎片对航天器和有限的轨道资源构成了严重的威胁,电磁篱笆是功率强大的地球中低轨道空间碎片监测设备.文中就国际上具有代表性的电磁篱笆,即美国和法国的电磁篱笆在建设过程中考虑的要素进行了详细分析,主要从地理位置、空域监视屏几何形状、性价比这3个方面因素进行了对比,并归纳了各自设计中的特点和优势.最后就国外电磁篱笆的发展趋势进行了分析和总结.     

硅橡胶膜生物反应器乙醇连续发酵性能研究

进行了3种测定硅橡胶膜生物反应器乙醇连续发酵性能的对比实验．实验结果表明：硅橡胶膜的渗透蒸发作用可有效消除乙醇发酵过程中的产品抑制效应，将乙醇产率提高至传统发酵过程的3～4倍；从发酵液中连续分离出来的乙醇，经过冷凝后成为高浓度产品，冷阱收集液乙醇浓度可达原料液乙醇浓度的4倍左右．膜的固定作用使反应器中保持了较高的酵母细胞浓度，但是无机盐、不挥发性副产物及老化细胞的堆积会影响细胞活性，为了获取高乙醇产率，必须将部分发酵液从膜生物反应器中取出．     

脑室注射γ-氨基丁酸对四种不同诱因胃溃疡发生的影响

本文观察了侧脑室注射不同浓度GABA(2、4、6μmol)对四种不同胃溃疡诱因(无水乙醇灌胃、消炎痛肌肉注射、冷束缚应激和0.2N盐酸灌胃)的影响。结果表明:GABA对乙醇诱导型及消炎痛诱导型胃溃疡有显著的加剧效应,并呈现明显的剂量—效应依赖关系;低剂量的GABA(2μmol)对冷束缚应激型胃溃疡有促进作用,而高剂量的GABA(4、6μmol)有抑制作用;GABA对盐酸诱导型胃溃疡有显著量—效依赖的抑制效应。这些结果提示:中枢GABA能机制既可加强也可抑制胃溃疡的形成,其最终效应可能取决于不同诱因的致溃疡机制、GABA对胃的作用及中枢其它神经内分泌机制的复杂关系。     

短波近红外光谱法分析酒中乙醇含量初探

使用短波近红外光谱和多变量校正技术快速准确地测定酒中乙醇含量,研究了纯水、乙醇以及乙醇和水混合体系的光谱特征。用多元线性回归(MLR)和主成分回归(PCR)分析了数据。该法分析酒样具有方便、快速的优点。     

The Benefits and Costs of New Fuels and Engines for Light‐Duty Vehicles in the United States

Rising oil prices and concerns about energy security and climate change are spurring reconsideration of both automobile propulsion systems and the fuels that supply energy to them. In addition to the gasoline internal combustion engine, recent years have seen alternatives develop in the automotive marketplace. Currently, hybrid‐electric vehicles, advanced diesels, and flex‐fuel vehicles running on a high percentage mixture of ethanol and gasoline (E85) are appearing at auto shows and in driveways. We conduct a rigorous benefit‐cost analysis from both the private and societal perspective of the marginal benefits and costs of each technology—using the conventional gasoline engine as a baseline. The private perspective considers only those factors that influence the decisions of individual consumers, while the societal perspective accounts for environmental, energy, and congestion externalities as well. Our analysis illustrates that both hybrids and diesels show promise for particular light‐duty applications (sport utility vehicles and pickup trucks), but that vehicles running continuously on E85 consistently have greater costs than benefits. The results for diesels were particularly robust over a wide range of sensitivity analyses. The results from the societal analysis are qualitatively similar to the private analysis, demonstrating that the most relevant factors to the benefit‐cost calculations are the factors that drive the individual consumer's decision. We conclude with a brief discussion of marketplace and public policy trends that will both illustrate and influence the relative adoption of these alternative technologies in the United States in the coming decade.     

磷酸左旋咪唑中乙醇溶剂残留的液体顶空气相色谱法测定

建立了液体顶空气相色谱法测定磷酸左旋咪唑中乙醇溶剂残留量。采用HSS-4A顶空装置和DB-1大口径毛细管柱,以正丙醇为内标进行定量。乙醇的线性范围为77.88～389.40μg·mL-1(r=0.99942),平均回收率为101.9%,定量检测限为0.08～0.14μg·g-1。本方法简单、准确、灵敏度及重现性好。     

Data Available for Evaluating the Risks and Benefits of MTBE and Ethanol as Alternative Fuel Oxygenates

The wide-scale use of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) in gasoline has resulted in substantial public controversy and action to ban or control its use due to perceived impacts on water quality. Because oxygenates are still required under federal law, considerable research has focused on ethanol as a substitute for MTBE. In this article, we summarize the currently available literature on the air and water quality risks and benefits of MTBE versus ethanol as alternative fuel oxygenates. We find that MTBE-fuel blends are likely to have substantial air quality benefits; ethanol-fuel blends appear to offer similar benefits, but these may be at least partially negated because of ethanol's propensity to increase emissions and ambient concentrations of some air contaminants. Releases of gasoline containing either MTBE or ethanol could have an impact on some drinking water sources, although the impacts associated with MTBE tend to relate to aesthetics (i.e., taste and odor), whereas the impacts associated with ethanol generally relate to health risk (i.e., greater exposure to gasoline constituents such as benzene). It is likely that these water quality impacts will be outweighed by the air quality benefits associated with MTBE and perhaps ethanol use, which affect a much larger population. A lack of data on environmental exposures and associated health impacts hinders the completion of a comprehensive quantitative risk-benefit analysis, and the available air and water quality data should be evaluated in a broader risk-management context, which considers the potential life-cycle impacts, costs, and feasibility associated with alternative fuel oxygenates.     

低碳经济视角下木薯燃料乙醇产业发展对策——以广西武鸣县为例

低碳经济是有效缓解能源短缺和环境保护压力的现实选择,而发展非粮燃料乙醇则是我国应对能源危机及节能减排的重要途径。通过访谈、问卷等方法,以农户、企业、木薯办、加油站和消费者作为研究对象,以全国木薯第一大县——武鸣作为调研地,以木薯燃料乙醇产业发展作为切入点,提出政府（木薯办）推动下的＂公司＋合作社＋农户＂的合作模式和发展战略。