Sex Related Factors in the Perception of Threatening Facial Expressions

This study replicated and extended previously reported sex differences involving both viewer and target in the recognition of threatening facial expressions. Based on the assumption that the evolved cognitive mechanisms mediating anger recognition would have been designed by natural selection to operate quickly in the interests of survival, brief tachistoscopic presentation of stimulus photographs was used. Additionally, in contrast to prior published studies, the statistical methods of signal detection research were used to control for the confounding effects of non-random guessing. The main hypothesis, that anger posed by males would be more accurately perceived than anger posed by females, was supported. A secondary hypothesis, that female-posed anger would be more accurately perceived by women than by men, received partial support. Testosterone levels, measured inferentially in terms of diurnal cycles, failed to show the hypothesized positive relationship to accuracy of anger perception.     

It's written all over their faces: Preschoolers' emotion understanding

Emotion understanding is a multifaceted construct made up of several components. To identify how several common components of emotion understanding relate to one another, five emotion understanding tasks were compared within the same group of children. Fifty‐four preschool children (M = 3.81 years, SD = 0.40) were asked to display the typical facial expression of six emotions after hearing their corresponding emotion label. They were then read six vignettes and asked to: “use your face to show how [the protagonist] would feel,” provide an emotion label for the main character, and “choose a picture of a face that would look like [the main character].” Finally, they were asked to provide a label for emotions presented to them in photographs. For all tasks, six emotions were examined: happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, and disgust. With the exception of the two modeling tasks, results show correlations among the emotion understanding tasks. There was a significant interaction between task and emotion category for emotion understanding accuracy. However, there was some consistency in the pattern of discrete emotion categorization emergence across the tasks. Additionally, accuracy scores (representing emotion understanding) across tasks were not equivalent. Findings are discussed in the broader context of emotion understanding.     

洪江十大会馆神祉文化解读

洪江十大会馆的主要功能是祀神,祀神既是会馆的教化方式,又是会馆移民的精神寄托所在。洪江十大会馆神祉文化具有区域性、世俗性、象征性和兼容性等特征。     

多特征融合的人脸表情识别

提出了一种多特征融合的表情识剐模型：首先,对预处理后的图像提取2种局部描述算子Gabor特征和多元中心化二值模式特征。根据对表情的贡献程度划分表情子区域;其次,通过主成份分析法对表情子区域的特征向量进行降堆,并构建随机子空间训练分类器;最后,利用Bagging技术提高多分类器的分类性能,并采用加权投票的融合规则进行决策判别．人脸表情库的实验结果表明。此方法有很好的鲁棒性和识别率．     

The Examination of Emotional Facial Expressions Within Parent–Child and Sibling Interactive Contexts: A Systematic Review

This work constitutes a systematic review of the empirical literature about emotional facial expressions displayed in the context of family interaction. Searches of electronic databases from January 1990 until December 2016 generated close to 4400 articles, of which only 26 met the inclusion criteria. Evidence indicate that affective expressions were mostly examined through laboratory and naturalistic observations, within a wide range of interactive contexts in which mother–child dyads significantly outnumbered father–child dyads. Moreover, dyadic partners were found to match each others’ displays and positive and neutral facial expressions proving more frequent than negative facial expressions. Finally, researchers observed some developmental and gender differences regarding the frequency, intensity, and category of emotional displays and identified certain links among facial expression behavior, family relations, personal adjustment, and peer-related social competence.     

The Effects of the Facial Expression of Beneficiaries in Charity Appeals and Psychological Involvement on Donation Intentions

To increase the effectiveness of fundraising campaigns, many human‐need charities include pictures of beneficiaries in their ads. However, it is unclear when and why the facial expression of these beneficiaries (sad versus happy) may influence the effectiveness of charity ads. To answer these questions, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the facial expression on donation intentions, while considering the moderating role of psychological involvement with charities. It found that psychological involvement with charities moderated the impact of the facial expression on donation intentions in that seeing a picture of a sad versus happy person increased intentions to give among participants with lower levels of psychological involvement, whereas the reverse was true for highly involved participants. The moderating effect of psychological involvement was fully explained by the perceived efficacy of one's donation. The findings not only contribute to our understanding of the effect of the facial expression of people pictured in charity appeals on donation behavior, but also suggest that nonprofits should tailor their ads to target potential donors with various levels of psychological involvement with charities.     

从服饰色彩的变迁看中国女性自我意识的转变

随着中国社会的不断发展进步,女性在社会中的地位随之提升,女性的自我意识也在不断的增强。从中华人民共和国成立初到跨入新世纪,中国女性自我意识发生了重大的转变,这种转变体现在社会生活的方方面面。从女性比较关注的服饰和服饰色彩这一角度来解析这种变迁,指出从色彩方面的变化,可以看出女性自我意识在不断的提升。女性开始对传统的性别观念进行挑战,不断探索出一种新的更加和谐的两性关系。     

少数民族的变服改饰及其成因

少数民族的变服改饰有三大成因:同一民族适应不同自然环境而改变服饰;为利于族群认同对有图腾意义的部分进行巧妙保留;为呼应文化环境,外来民族变服化俗融于当地民族,包括中原王朝对边疆少数民族文化及其服饰实行移风易俗、相邻民族相互习染借鉴、少数民族服饰影响和改变了整个中华民族服饰。少数民族的变服改饰是少数民族对其他文化的主动接受、被动适应和各民族文化相互习染的结果。     

Emotional Empathy as Related to Mimicry Reactions at Different Levels of Information Processing

The hypotheses of this investigation were based on conceiving of facial mimicry reactions in face-to-face interactions as an early automatic component in the process of emotional empathy. Differences between individuals high and low in emotional empathy were investigated. The parameters compared were facial mimicry reactions, as represented by electromyographic (EMG) activity, when individuals were exposed to pictures of angry or happy faces. The present study distinguished between spontaneous facial reactions and facial expressions associated with more controlled or modulated emotions at different information processing levels, first at a preattentive level and then consecutively at more consciously controlled levels: 61 participants were exposed to pictures at three different exposure times (17, 56, and 2350 ms). A significant difference in facial mimicry reactions between high- and low-empathy participants emerged at short exposure times (56 ms), representing automatic, spontaneous reactions, with high-empathy participants showing a significant mimicking reaction. The low-empathy participants did not display mimicking at any exposure time. On the contrary, the low-empathy participants showed, in response to angry faces, a tendency to an elevated activation in the cheek region, which often is associated with smiling.     

服装专业民族服饰考察路线优化与教学改革

分析了民族服饰考察课程的性质、任务与课程特点,介绍了云南、贵州、湖南三省的少数民族服饰特点,重点就云南、贵州、湖南三省民族服饰考察路线进行了优化,并就该课程的教学方法进行了研究,提出了一套有效的教学方案。