乙酰胆碱酯酶在桑蚕氟中毒中的表现以及和桑蚕抗氟性之间的关系

本试验通过几个抗氟性不同的桑蚕品种原种蚕添食不同浓度的氟处理的桑叶后测定其头部神经节中乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性，研究了氟离子在氟中毒过程中对桑蚕乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制效应．结果发现在较低的添氟浓度下，氟离于抑制酶活性而引起的有关生理作用不是很明显；在较高的添氟浓度下，其引起的生理效应比较明显，乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的抑制可引起蚕体活动兴奋性的亢进．乙酰胆碱酯酶活性水平在对照组和添氟组，均与和蚕品种抗氟性的无大关系．     

白屈菜杀虫效果研究

以采于吉林省西部白屈菜提取液为供试药剂,以小菜蛾,甘蓝蚜,菜青虫为供试昆虫.对白屈菜提取液的杀虫效果进行了研究.将三种浓度白屈菜提取液喷洒于白菜叶上,通过72h的观察,这三种害虫取食含有这种喷洒药剂的白菜叶片有不同的毒效果,死亡率也存在差异.     

蓖麻粗毒蛋白的提取及灭鼠试验

研究了从蓖麻籽和蓖麻饼粕中提取蓖麻粗毒蛋白的工艺条件，并对其进行了灭鼠试验。结果表明：这两种蓖麻粗毒蛋白杀鼠活性明显，小鼠死亡率均达100％。从对小鼠的致死速度来看，两者相差不大。这为进一步分离提纯杀鼠活性成分提供了基础，也为蓖麻作为植物源灭鼠剂的开发提供了依据。     

三氟甲基侧取代氧、氮、硫杂大环化合物的合成及波谱分析

合成了二个三氟甲基侧取代氧、氮、硫杂大环化合物,经IR,~1H NMR,MS和元素分析等表征,通过质谱中分子离子峰的裂分过程和波谱解析,阐明了该类大杂环化合物的结构。     

含氟苯并咪唑及其衍生物的合成

合成了四个含氟苯并咪唑衍生物 ,并用红外光谱进行了表征 .探讨了合成该化合物的条件和方法 .结果表明 ,邻苯二胺与芳香酸反应用无水吡啶做溶剂、三氯氧磷作缩合剂以及与醛反应用甲醇作溶剂、铁氰化钾作氧化剂可得较高产率     

Differences in Perception of Risk Between People Who Have and Have Not Experienced Salmonella Food Poisoning

It is believed that food hygiene precautions in domestic kitchens are an important strategy in efforts to reduce the incidence of sporadic food poisoning, but recent research has shown that people who have suffered food poisoning handle the same types of foods and adopt similar food hygiene precautions in their kitchens to the rest of the population. This suggests the need to examine other factors. A case-control study of sporadic Salmonella food poisoning was conducted to investigate several domestic kitchen risk factors. Measures of perception of risk, knowledge, and control associated with food poisoning in case and control respondents are reported here. It was found that perceived personal risk from food poisoning in the home was less than perceived risk to other people. In contrast, ratings of personal knowledge about food poisoning and personal control over food poisoning in the home were seen to be greater than other people's knowledge and control. There were no differences between the cases and the controls in their ratings of knowledge about food poisoning or their control over food poisoning. However, cases perceived their personal risk from food poisoning to be higher than controls. Both case and control samples exhibited optimistic bias but this was reduced in the case sample, suggesting that experience with food poisoning may reduce optimistic bias.     

Evaluation Results of a 21st Birthday Card Program Targeting High-Risk Drinking

The B.R.A.D. Birthday Card initiative was started on the campus of Michigan State University (MSU) in April 1999. MSU administrators send the safe-drinking 21st birthday card (B.R.A.D.) and laminated wallet card to students shortly before their 21st birthday. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the 21st birthday card, MSU and B.R.A.D., Inc, applied for and were awarded a 2-year US Department of Education grant in 2001. Participants: The authors surveyed 1,731 students within 2 weeks of their 21st birthday. Methods: Of all students turning 21 years old during the study, the authors randomly selected students for each group. A control group received no card. All others received the standard B.R.A.D. card or a gender-tailored message card. Results: Key findings include: 74% of students saved part of the card, 65% shared the card with family or friends, 22% reported thinking about the card during their celebration, 12% reported drinking less because of the card, 15% reported learning something new about alcohol poisoning, and 98% believed that MSU and B.R.A.D. should continue sending cards to students. Conclusions: Receiving, reading, and recalling the content of the B.R.A.D. card appears to reduce the total number of drinks a celebrant consumes.     

掺氟钨酸铅晶体的电子结构研究

用密度泛函的方法计算了掺氟钨酸铅晶体(F^-：PbWO4)的电子结构．结果表明，杂质F^-离子的掺入使得部分O的2p态和W的5d态分裂并进入到禁带中，使得禁带宽度变窄．F的2p态距离价带顶6．0eV左右，因而不会影响晶体的蓝发光．F^-离子替位氧离子O^2-可以部分地补偿由于铅空位VPb所造成的局域电荷失衡，阻止铅空位VPb抓住空穴形成复合色心．因此，可以减弱420nm吸收带，有效地增加光产额．     

含氟废水处理方法的改进

采用设置两级回收槽和Al(OH)_3吸附相结合的方案冶理含氟废水,可以回收利用大部分污染物质,使出水达到排放标准.与烟台经济技术开发区胜利电子有限公司原处理方案相比,不仅处理效果明显提高,而且处理成本降低.     

Maternal understanding of the toxicity of substances used in non‐accidental poisoning

A questionnaire‐based study was undertaken to determine the level of understanding amongst the general population of the toxicity of paracetamol and salt. One hundred mothers were questioned. All mothers considered salt to be a potentially serious poison. All had a good understanding of the maximum safe dose of paracetamol. Nearly one‐third did not consider paracetamol to be a potentially lethal poison. The results have bearing on assessment of cases of possible non‐accidental poisoning. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.