Fire and restoration of the largest urban forest of the world in Rio de Janeiro City,Brazil

National Park of Tijuca in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) is about 3,300 ha and considered the largest urban forest in the world. Its floristic composition is typical of Atlantic Rain Forest. The reserve is being altered because of fire occurrences and urban expansion. This study identified locations and causes of forest fires, and makes management recommendations to restore damaged areas. From 1991 to 2000, forest firefighters recorded an average of 75-fire occurrences/year. Identified causes included hot air balloons (24%), intentional (24%), rubbish burning (21%) and religious practices (17%). Primary fuels included invasive grasses and ferns. Although hot air balloons destroyed larger areas of forest in each occurrence, a greater number of fires started in the invasive vegetation along roads that bisect the forest. In response to recurrent forests, invasive vegetation has spread gradually into the forest increasing forest degradation. To decrease fire damage, sites with high fire frequencies and density of invasive vegetation were planted with less flammable species. Results indicate that fire frequency decreased and density of invasive vegetation declined. This approach appears to prevent fire incidence, reduce the need for fire fighting, and preserve existing biodiversity.     

The potential of integrated modelling in conservation biology: A case study of the black‐footed albatross (Phoebastria nigripes)

Conservation biology aims at assessing the status of a population, based on information which is often incomplete. Integrated population modelling based on state‐space models appears to be a powerful and relevant way of combining into a single likelihood several types of information such as capture‐recapture data and population surveys. In this paper, the authors describe the principles of integrated population modelling and they evaluate its performance for conservation biology based on a case study, that of the black‐footed albatross, a northern Pacific albatross species suspected to be impacted by longline fishing     

保障奥运食品安全 完善食品安全可追溯管理

近年来，食品安全成为全球热点问题之一，为解决食品安全问题，食品可追溯技术应运而生，只要一个条形码，就可追溯到食品的出产地、生长地甚至基因情况，食品有了自己的“身份证”。为保障奥运期间的食品安全，北京应加强食品安全管理，供应奥运食品将全部实行可追溯制度，用科技手段来为奥运会护航。     

朱之锡治河

清初河患异常严重,清承明制设立河道总督。朱之锡是清代第二任河道总督,他在任期间提出了具体的治河措施并加以实施,使河患得以减轻。朱之锡为治河鞠躬尽瘁,病死于任上,因此,深受沿河百姓爱戴,死后被沿河百姓称为河神。     

近百年来中国对文物建筑与历史地段的保护

论文以1949年为界,分两大部分叙述了迄今为止大约100年来中国对文物建筑与历史地段的保护。总结出1949年后中国近代文物建筑保护思想观念的演变特征,即前期以具有社会主义特色的保护观念为主,80年代以来发展为逐渐与国际接轨。     

哈尔滨市发展绿色食品产业集群的基本条件与优势

产业集群对集群内企业在竞争力提升上有重要作用。哈尔滨市发展绿色食品产业集群,具有得天独厚的地理环境和资源优势,具有大企业集团集中、高校和科研院所较多的优势,及在国内外市场上的品牌和信誉优势。通过绿色食品产业集群的发展壮大,必将提高产品与企业的市场竞争力,推动绿色食品产业的持续发展。     

“倾斜”“反哺”“预警”——解决中部地区“三农”问题的对策

面对我国板块构造式区域经济发展格局中"中部塌陷"的现实,作为我国粮食主产区的中部地区应采取"倾斜""反哺""预警"三大对策来解决"三农"问题.倾斜对策是针对农村发展的,主要措施是权力向县级组织倾斜,资源向县城及农产品加工园区倾斜,政策向农村基础设施建设和农业产业化发展倾斜;反哺是针对农业发展的,措施是沿海工业发达地区反哺中部粮食主产区;预警是保护农民利益的,措施是实施农民利益预警调控.     

围绕品牌发展黑龙江省绿色食品产业

需求的强劲拉动和供给的有限使绿色食品产业存在广阔的发展空间,面临巨大的市场机遇。黑龙江省具有发展 绿色食品产业的客观条件和起步较早的有利基础,应该把它作为非常有潜力的经济增长点来对待。当前,要着力进行绿色食 品品牌整合,化零为整,壮大单个品牌实力,在短时期内,迅速提升品牌知名度,形成品牌效应,把绿色食品产业做大做强。     

我国农产品质量认证问题探讨

农产品质量认证被誉为进入国内外市场的通行证。从信息不对称角度出发 ,农产品质量认证的目的是将生产者的信息如实反映出来 ,并传达给消费者 ,认证时须遵循客观性、独立性、权威性、标准化和公开性原则。我国农产品质量认证在认证标准体系、质量标准认证、质量认证标志、质量标准体系方法方面存在问题 ,亟待解决     

WTO规则与中国食品安全保障

食品是人们生活最基本的必需品 ,食品安全是关系国计民生的大问题。农产品和食品的质量安全问题 ,不仅困扰着国内消费市场的健康发展 ,而且严重地制约着我国食品的出口贸易。在中国加入WTO的情况下 ,必须构建中国食品质量安全的新理念 ,尽快使我国食品安全标准与国际食品安全标准相适应。食品行业的标准必须采纳国际标准 ,对食品工业必须实行强制性产品认证制度 ,对进出口食品必须实行严格的检测检疫措施 ,对生产、销售有毒食品致人损害的必须依法严惩