有机污染物降解的光化学及微生物降解方法探索

随着塑料用途的不断扩大和消费量的日益增长，塑料废弃物也与日俱增，环境污染和社会公害等问题也日趋严重。塑料废弃物具有不易降解性，它不仅污染环境（土壤、水源等），还会阻止其它物质的降解。文章试图从基本机理入手，找到有机物降解的最有效途径，以达到保护环境、节约能源的目的。     

Bayesian estimation of reliability using time-to-failure distribution of parametric degradation models

This paper focusses on computing the Bayesian reliability of components whose performance characteristics (degradation – fatigue and cracks) are observed during a specified period of time. Depending upon the nature of degradation data collected, we fit a monotone increasing or decreasing function for the data. Since the components are supposed to have different lifetimes, the rate of degradation is assumed to be a random variable. At a critical level of degradation, the time to failure distribution is obtained. The exponential and power degradation models are studied and exponential density function is assumed for the random variable representing the rate of degradation. The maximum likelihood estimator and Bayesian estimator of the parameter of exponential density function, predictive distribution, hierarchical Bayes approach and robustness of the posterior mean are presented. The Gibbs sampling algorithm is used to obtain the Bayesian estimates of the parameter. Illustrations are provided for the train wheel degradation data.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2及其光催化降解甲醛的研究

用溶胶-凝胶合成纳米TiO2光催化剂．并在其悬浮体系中对甲醛进行光催化降解实验，考察了溶胶一凝胶法中酸量、乙醇量和热处理温度等对甲醛降解活性的影响．结果表明．溶胶一凝胶法制备的TiO2具有很好的光催化降解甲醛活性．最佳的制备条件是钛酸丁醋；乙醇：盐酸：水=20ml：80ml；3．5ml：l0ml，煅烧温度550℃。     

中国西部土地退化防治成效及经验借鉴——以中国—全球环境基金干旱生态系统土地退化防治伙伴关系项目为例

介绍了中国—全球环境基金干旱生态系统土地退化防治伙伴关系项目概况,并基于56个样本县的调查统计数据,总结了伙伴关系项目下防治活动开展的情况和项目成功实施的相关经验,进而分析了荒漠化土地防治成效。研究表明,伙伴关系项目框架下一系列土地退化防治活动,促进了荒漠化土地防治、农牧民生计的改善、生物多样性保护,实现了应对气候变化的全球环境效益,取得了良好的生态、经济和社会效益。     

Soil Nutrient Depletion and Population Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Malthusian Nexus?

Soil nutrient mining and other forms of soil degradation threaten future soil productivity, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Data from 36 countries in SSA show a significant relationship at the supra-national level between soil nutrient depletion (including erosion), reduced fallow periods, and population pressure and thus illustrate the unsustainable population-agriculture-environment nexus on the continent which so far has been described in case studies only. It appears that Malthusian mechanisms are at work, despite encouraging indications of farmers' concerns and adaptation to changing conditions. It is agreed that a re-examination of the common land degradation assessments and farmers' response to changing conditions would be useful, however, this should not delay other recommended interventions.     

Covariates and Random Effects in a Gamma Process Model with Application to Degradation and Failure

The gamma process is a natural model for degradation processes in which deterioration is supposed to take place gradually over time in a sequence of tiny increments. When units or individuals are observed over time it is often apparent that they degrade at different rates, even though no differences in treatment or environment are present. Thus, in applying gamma-process models to such data, it is necessary to allow for such unexplained differences. In the present paper this is accomplished by constructing a tractable gamma-process model incorporating a random effect. The model is fitted to some data on crack growth and corresponding goodness-of-fit tests are carried out. Prediction calculations for failure times defined in terms of degradation level passages are developed and illustrated.     

"卑己自牧"辨--论郁达夫其人其作

"卑己自牧"是郁达夫独特的人格构架,也是郁达夫灵魂生长的过程,更是郁达夫自由创造的机制."卑己"即从平等的基点出发去爱人,并寻求人与人之间关系的和谐."自牧"则是对"卑己"人格意识的超越,表现为热烈追求人类之爱和男女之爱,是郁达夫追求人的正常生存和人与人关系健康发展的现实行动.最终通过"自叙传"叙事将个人对于生活的至深体验与执着追求重构了一个完整的艺术世界,实现了"卑己自牧"的升华.     

提高TiO2光催化降解性能的途径研究进展

TiO2半导体作为光催化剂降解难降解有机污染物有其独特的优势,它的光解效率与光量子效率有很大的关系.本文主要从提高光量子效率着手,用改变 TiO2的晶体结构、TiO2的晶体改性及外加物质辅助光催化等方法,分析提高光催化降解性能的途径.     

鞍山市生态资源与环境质量的遥感数据分析

利用美国陆地卫星资源LandsatTM遥感监测数据，参考相关图件，进行解译判别，监测鞍山市区及各县区土地类型、土地退化类型，并结合水资源的调查结果，对鞍山市生态环境质量进行评价，分析结果表明，鞍山市全境存在一定程度的土壤侵蚀现象，但基本上为微度侵蚀，重度侵蚀和中度侵蚀面积较小；鞍山市区和台安县生态环境状况指数一般，较适合人类生存，岫岩县和海城市生态环境状况指数良好，生物多样性较好，基本适合人类生存。     

光合细菌的分离鉴定及对印染污水的处理

分别从印染厂、酒厂、菜场及学校鱼塘几个不同样地分离到22株光合细菌，其中六株经鉴定分别属于沼泽红假单胞菌、球形红假单胞菌、嗜酸红假单胞菌、荚膜红假单胞菌、桃红荚硫菌．利用其中一株具生长优势的球形红假单胞菌Y2处理印染污水，8天后COD、总氮、总磷去除率分别达到62．10％、61．52％和83．02％．