委托代理理论与企业激励机制设计的重要性

传统激励理论从不同角度探索了如何加强和激发动机 ,并引导行为使之朝向预定目标 ,但对于为什么要设计激励机制却没有更多的研究和更深层次的揭示。本文从委托—代理理论来思考和分析企业激励机制设计的重要性 ,系统阐述了委托代理理论 ,并对企业设计激励机制的重要性进行论述     

改革、发展与社会和谐问题的产生

构建社会主义和谐社会是党的十六大和十六届三中全会、四中全会提出的重大任务,适应了我国改革发展进入关键时期的客观要求,体现了广大人民群众的根本利益和共同愿望。构建和谐社会,必须联系中国改革发展的实际,探索和谐问题产生的根源。     

Comparing policy advisory systems beyond the OECD: models,dynamics and the second-generation research agenda

ABSTRACT

The concept of “policy advisory systems” was introduced by Halligan in 1995 as a way to characterize and analyze the multiple sources of policy advice utilized by governments in policy-making processes. The concept has proved useful and has influenced thinking about both the nature of policy work in different advisory venues as well as how these systems change over time. However, to date this work has examined mainly cases of developed countries and its application to developing and transitional countries is less certain. This paper sets out existing models of policy advisory systems based on Halligan’s original thinking on the subject and assesses the findings of many existing studies into OECD countries that advisory systems have been changing as a result of the dual effects of increased use of external consultants and others sources of advice – “externalization” – and the increased use of partisan advice inside government itself – “politicization”. Determining whether or not such changes have also characterized the situations found in developing and transitional countries and at the international-domestic and state-sub-state levels is the subject of the papers in this Special Issue.     

基于知识创新的企业战略制定过程与群体创造行为分析

从知识创新的视角重新审视和分析战略制定的过程,提出了基础知识分析—战略缺口分析—战略选择与决策的理性战略制定行为模式,同时,将战略制定过程和知识创造过程整合为战略制定—知识创造矩阵,指出战略制定过程是基于隐性知识转移和群体知识创造的持续活动。     

关于波粒二象性的表述

本文指出了对微观体系波粒二象性的一些错误表述及其可能造成的结果,指出了在教学中应注意的问题。     

浅析福泽谕吉《脱亚论》的形成

通过对欧美国家与亚洲封建社会的总体比较,福泽谕吉认为技术进步和以实学为主的学问观是导致东西方社会产生差距的根本原因,以此为根本,形成的著名短篇《脱亚论》对日本近代化的发展道路产生了深刻的影响。     

高师声乐大课三加并用教学模式探索与实践

加强音乐学科建设,培养跨世纪高水平音乐人才。近些年来很多师范院校根据师范特点,对声乐课教学进行了多方面的改革,如在个别课的基础上又增设了大课形式。然而,目前声乐大课的教学目的是什么？声乐大课怎样教？教些什么内容？才适合学生特点？符合师范院校培养目标等等。一直是声乐教师要研究与探索的教学途经。传统声乐教学与新教学模式在相互碰撞,多元化声乐教学已形成显著特点。追求声乐教学的科学性、创新性及实践性,在当今与未来将成为声乐教学的发展方向。     

Theoretic and empirical data-inclusive process characterization

Summary.  In process characterization the quality of information that is obtained depends directly on the quality of process model. The current quality revolution is now providing a strong stimulus for rethinking and re-evaluating many statistical ideas. Among these are the role of theoretic knowledge and data in statistical inference and some issues in theoretic–empirical modelling. With this concern the paper takes a broad, pragmatic view of statistical inference to include all aspects of model formulation. The estimation of model parameters traditionally assumes that a model has a prespecified known form and takes no account of possible uncertainty regarding model structure. But in practice model structural uncertainty is a fact of life and is likely to be more serious than other sources of uncertainty which have received far more attention. This is true whether the model is specified on subject-matter grounds or when a model is formulated, fitted and checked on the same data set in an iterative interactive way. For that reason novel modelling techniques have been fashioned for reducing model uncertainty. Using available knowledge for theoretic model elaboration the techniques that have been created approximate the exact unknown process model concurrently by accessible theoretic and polynomial empirical functions. The paper examines the effects of uncertainty for hybrid theoretic–empirical models and, for reducing uncertainty, additive and multiplicative methods of model formulation are fashioned. Such modelling techniques have been successfully applied to perfect a steady flow model for an air gauge sensor. Validation of the models elaborated has revealed that the multiplicative modelling approach allows us to attain a satisfactory model with small discrepancy from empirical evidence.     

外空安全机制的成长困境及其思考

随着世界各国竞相进入外空拓展自身的国家利益,亟需一套有效的国际安全机制进行调控,以保证人类对外空的真正和平利用。但在外空安全机制的构建中,目前存在着共同利益基础薄弱、外部强制力不足、基本理念和道义准则存异和权力分配结构失衡等困境。所有这些决定了脱困之途只能走维护现有外空安全国际法框架、支持有关各方积极努力、倡导新安全观和抑制外空武器化机制优先构建的渐进性路径,以求在注意外空技术特点的基础上,构建共存共赢的合作机制。     

谈谈图书条形码的管理和编排

本文分析了精确编排和管理好＂图书条形码＂的重要性，提出了以语言种类对“图书条形码”进行分类的原则，概述了管理好这方面工作应注意的几个问题，并介绍了“图书条形码”的两种编排方法。