认识你自己:人是什么?

人是什么 ,这是人类思想史上的一个古老话题 ,中外哲学家们都从各自偏好的方面发现了人的本质力量的重要方面。马克思总结中外哲学家的思想 ,提出人的本质并不是单个人所固有的抽象物 ,应该到人的现实存在方式——社会实践中去找寻 ,实践才是人的一切本质力量的源泉和基础 ,人则是实践的主体 ,因而人是通过实践改造世界、改造自己的社会关系及其规范 ,同时改造自身的有理性、有目的的具有主动性和创造性的社会主体     

Social influences on sorority and fraternity member smoking

Objective: To understand how the Greek system uniquely influences smoking attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors among college students who belong to a social sorority or fraternity. Participants: Active members of sororities (n = 16) and fraternities (n = 17) were interviewed between February 2013 and October 2015. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted examining the social influences of the Greek system on member smoking. Transcribed interviews were coded and analyzed for themes. Results: Sorority and fraternity members experienced different social influences on smoking. Sorority stigmatization of smoking outside bars or parties caused sorority members to hide their smoking. Fraternity members had no social penalties for smoking and allowed smoking at the fraternity house. Fraternity members influenced both fraternity members and sorority members to smoke by sharing cigarettes and smoking at parties. Conclusions: Sororities and fraternities have created social environments that both promote smoking and stigmatize it, presenting unique challenges in college student smoking prevention and cessation efforts.     

马克思恩格斯对资产阶级价值观的批判及启示

资产阶级一直宣扬＂自由、平等、博爱＂等价值观念是超阶级的和永恒的。马克思恩格斯从唯物史观出发,批判了资产阶级的＂自由、平等、博爱＂观,强调＂自由、平等、博爱＂是随着资本主义生产方式的产生而产生,是为维护资产阶级利益服务的。马克思恩格斯的分析对于科学把握社会主义核心价值体系有重要启示。     

杜威论民主的基本原则

杜威分析了民主的三大基本原则:自由、平等和博爱,指出自由总是在某个特定的社会环境下的具体的自由,而不是封闭的原子式个人的抽象自由,社会控制是保证个人自由所必须的条件;平等意味着让每个人都有平等的机会,去自由发展他自己的才能;博爱就是要国民自己觉得是互相联合统一,有密切的相互关系的。     

Moderators of the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Alcohol Consumption in College Students

Abstract

Objective: Among college students, several studies have found a positive relationship between physical activity and alcohol use. The current study tested gender, Greek status, and ethnicity as potential moderators of the physical activity-alcohol use relationship. Participants: Participants were college freshmen (n = 310) endorsing alcohol/drug use. Methods: Students completed questionnaires assessing a number of health behaviors. Results: Results indicated that gender and Greek status were significant moderators of the relationship between physical activity and alcohol consumption. There was a positive relationship between physical activity and alcohol use for men and Greeks, but not for females and non-Greeks. Conclusions: These findings suggest that exercise does not serve as a protective factor for any of the subgroups of college students studied and is positively associated with drinking among college students who are men and/or involved with the Greek system.     

Using Theory-Based Constructs to Explore the Impact of Greek Membership on Alcohol-Related Beliefs and Behaviors: A Systematic Literature Review

By charter, national Greek organizations (ie, fraternities and sororities) place an emphasis on upholding personal integrity, academic scholarship, and development of campus leaders. Recent concerns, however, assert that the drinking behaviors of members of Greek organizations are antithetical to the mission of their universities. Objective: The author's purpose in this review was to systematically examine scientific literature addressing the effect of Greek affiliation on alcohol-related beliefs and behaviors. The internal and external influences affecting Greek members' alcohol-related beliefs and behaviors are organized into a frame-work of various health behavior theories, based on the ecological perspective's levels of influence. Results: Results provide a broad perspective into the individual characteristics, social peer network, and environmental aspects influencing alcohol-related behavior among Greek members. Findings suggest that Greek members comprise a subgroup that consumes alcohol in greater quantities, underscores and misperceives the risks of alcohol abuse, and emulates a social environment and culture in which drinking alcohol is a key part of life.     

Smoking and Membership in a Fraternity or Sorority: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Abstract

Objective: Fraternity and sorority members have higher rates of smoking than other college students. This systematic review examines studies that included fraternity/sorority membership in their investigation of smoking behaviors. Participants/Methods: Studies identified in MEDLINE, PsychInfo, JSTOR, CINAHL, ERIC, and Google Scholar published between 2003 and 2013 were included if they included fraternity and/or sorority membership, were written in English, published in a peer-reviewed journal, and had smoking as an outcome variable. Nineteen studies were identified for the review. Results: Fraternity/sorority members were more likely to be nondaily smokers. Members who lived in the fraternity/sorority house had higher rates of smoking than members who lived elsewhere. Fraternity/sorority member smoking was associated with alcohol and other substance use. The influence of no-smoking policies on fraternity/sorority member smoking was also examined. Conclusions: Fraternity/sorority membership was associated with higher rates of smoking, but this association was influenced by other substance use and environmental factors.     

通货膨胀与互助会福利再分配——以宁海县南溪村互助会作为个案

以浙江省宁海县一个互助会作为个案,尝试分析通货膨胀率的波动对互助会福利再分配的影响。通货膨胀率的波动影响了会员的净收益,在一定范围内,随着通货膨胀率的上升,前期得会会员(一般是资金需求者)的净收益上升,后期得会会员(一般是资金富裕者)的净收益下降,因而互助会会员净收益的离差变小了。这说明互助会的财富再分配变得平均了,由于持有货币能产生直接效用,因此互助会的福利再分配也变得均匀些。     

论陈衡哲女性觉醒主题的创作

作为“五四”新文学的第一个女作家 ,陈衡哲在其小说、诗歌、散文中 ,抒发了五四时期新女性对自由人生的渴望和追求 ,对女性生命意义、生存价值的思考和探索。虽有时失于肤浅、稚嫩 ,但毕竟体现了新女性主体意识的觉醒 ,留下了“五四”新女性成长的最初印痕。本文深切关照陈衡哲的文学创作 ,细致体悟她的人性咏叹、博爱情怀、矛盾困惑 ,以期合理评价她在女性觉醒主题上的拓荒与耕耘     

柏格森生命哲学美学的历史归宿

柏格森的学说可以归纳为三个基本方面:1、知:“绵延—直觉—同情”是其哲学体系的核心;2、意:自由是对绵延的直觉,指“自由意志”而非“道德自由”;3、情:美是对绵延的同情,美在同情。他的思想最终归宿是宣扬“自由”、“平等”与“博爱”,并且赋予这三个名词以全新的涵义。