汉代北边“亡人”:民族立场与文化表现

对于"越塞"的"亡人"予以"逐捕搜索",曾经是汉代长城体系戍守部队的防务内容之一。有汉王朝官员明确指出,当时长城防卫系统的作用"非独为匈奴而已"。论者分析"亡出"、"亡出塞"、"亡走北出"者主要有三种身份:一是往者从军没不还者贫困子孙;二是边人奴婢愁苦者;三是盗贼群辈犯法者。战争中的"亡降"者也是特殊的"亡人"。汉代"亡人"的民族意识并不十分鲜明,在民族关系中不持极端的态度,而取宽和倾向。他们的生产和生活,对于农耕文明与游牧文明的交融,发生了积极的作用。其突出表现,与活动于中原的"胡巫"、"胡骑"在神学职任和军事技能方面的作用类似,即将汉地较为先进的物质文化和生产方式传播到了匈奴地区。漠北匈奴文化遗存中可以更多地看到汉"亡人"的文化创造。     

逃亡:无法抵达的生存拯救——中国当代文学转型期女性文本中"逃亡"主题透视

20世纪80年代后期以来的女性文本中出现了一种新的"离家出走"者。面对苦难和冷漠的生存环境,他们断然逃亡了;逃亡是一种自救,期盼改善生活,然而逃亡也充满了无奈,没有人能全新地"重建"。这种逃亡者,与以前文学中追求个性解放和社会解放的逃亡者不同,他们更真实地揭示了潜在的社会心理;如此写作某种程度上反映了文学的本体性。     

Vehicle Emission Unit Risk Factors for Transportation Risk Assessments

When the transportation risk posed by shipments of hazardous chemical and radioactive materials is being assessed, it is necessary to evaluate the risks associated with both vehicle emissions and cargo-related risks. Diesel exhaust and fugitive dust emissions from vehicles transporting hazardous shipments lead to increased air pollution, which increases the risk of latent fatalities in the affected population along the transport route. The estimated risk from these vehicle-related sources can often be as large or larger than the estimated risk associated with the material being transported. In this paper, data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Motor Vehicle-Related Air Toxics Study are first used to develop latent cancer fatality estimates per kilometer of travel in rural and urban areas for all diesel truck classes. These unit risk factors are based on studies investigating the carcinogenic nature of diesel exhaust. With the same methodology, the current per-kilometer latent fatality risk factor used in transportation risk assessments for heavy diesel trucks in urban areas is revised and the analysis expanded to provide risk factors for rural areas and all diesel truck classes. These latter fatality estimates may include, but are not limited to, cancer fatalities and are based primarily on the most recent epidemiological data available on mortality rates associated with ambient air PM-10 concentrations.     

春秋时期流亡公子从亡人员考述——以公子重耳从亡人员为例

流亡公子的从亡人员是指跟随公子流亡外国的一个依附人群,主要由失势贵族和劳苦者组成。这一人群在春秋时广泛存在而且人口众多,公子流亡外国少则追随数士,多则扈从千人,从亡人员的行为在很大程度上影响着公子的命运和结局,忽略对从亡人员的考察就无法全面了解春秋贵族社会的图象。     

春秋时期流亡公子从亡人员考述——以公子重耳从亡人员为例

流亡公子的从亡人员是指跟随公子流亡外国的一个依附人群,主要由失势贵族和劳苦者组成。这一人群在春秋时广泛存在而且人口众多,公子流亡外国少则追随数士,多则扈从千人,从亡人员的行为在很大程度上影响着公子的命运和结局,忽略对从亡人员的考察就无法全面了解春秋贵族社会的图象。     

WILLIAM WELLS BROWN

Travel and travel writing imply freedom of mobility and agency. That a fugitive slave like William Wells Brown could become a tourist is significant because it destabilizes our understanding of tourism. In The American Fugitive in Europe: Sketches of Places and People Abroad (New York: Jewett, Proctor & Worthington, 1855), Brown grounds his critique of his tour in the experiences of his early life as a slave and in his insistence on ethical responsibility. He interrogates the inequities of American society by revisiting European history from the perspective of the oppressed. Brown moves beyond touristic hedonism to anchor the tourist subject onto the larger canvas of historical and socio-political reality. This paper explores Brown's shifting identity through Urry (The Tourist Gaze: Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Societies, London, Sage, 1990) and MacCannell's (‘Tourist Agency’, Tourism Studies, vol. 1, pp. 23–38, 2001) reading of the tourist gaze.     

现代汉语隐现句研究的趋势

隐现句是现代汉语中的一种特殊句式,从1924年至今,汉语语法学界对这一传统课题展开了较为深入的研究,也取得了一定的成果。近年来,隐现句的研究得到了长足的发展,具体呈现出以下四个趋势:研究课题的独立化、研究视野的拓展化、研究内容的深入化和研究理论方法的多元化。今后,隐现句的研究可以借鉴构式语法理论,并要有语言类型学的视野。