从主权国家的兴衰看权力博弈形态的转型

传统的国际关系理论,无论是现实主义、自由主义、建构主义还是科学行为主义理论,都是把主权国家抽象成一个统一的国际关系行为体。这一行为主体有一致的利益,也自然要有一致的对外政策目标和手段。在20世纪,尤其是在两次世界大战和冷战期间,这一概念抽象是非常准确的。但冷战结束以后,尤其是进入21世纪以后,这一概念抽象逐渐与国际关系的现实相违背。一方面,国家综合实力并不能直接转化为具体领域的竞争优势;另一方面,很多国家,包括超级大国在内,其对外政策的主要阻力可能不是所谓的竞争对手,而是其国内不同的利益集团。这导致传统的国际关系理论,从假设到概念和推理层面,都已经无法解释和预测今天的世界,而权力小博弈理论可以为认识多元复杂互动博弈时代的国际关系提供一个新的解释框架。     

Who Should Pay for Interdependent Risk? Policy Implications for Security Interdependence Among Airports

We study interdependent risks in security, and shed light on the economic and policy implications of increasing security interdependence in presence of reactive attackers. We investigate the impact of potential public policy arrangements on the security of a group of interdependent organizations, namely, airports. Focusing on security expenditures and costs to society, as assessed by a social planner, to individual airports and to attackers, we first develop a game-theoretic framework, and derive explicit Nash equilibrium and socially optimal solutions in the airports network. We then conduct numerical experiments mirroring real-world cyber scenarios, to assess how a change in interdependence impact the airports' security expenditures, the overall expected costs to society, and the fairness of security financing. Our study provides insights on the economic and policy implications for the United States, Europe, and Asia.     

Security Investment in Contagious Networks

Security of the systems is normally interdependent in such a way that security risks of one part affect other parts and threats spread through the vulnerable links in the network. So, the risks of the systems can be mitigated through investments in the security of interconnecting links. This article takes an innovative look at the problem of security investment of nodes on their vulnerable links in a given contagious network as a game‐theoretic model that can be applied to a variety of applications including information systems. In the proposed game model, each node computes its corresponding risk based on the value of its assets, vulnerabilities, and threats to determine the optimum level of security investments on its external links respecting its limited budget. Furthermore, direct and indirect nonlinear influences of a node's security investment on the risks of other nodes are considered. The existence and uniqueness of the game's Nash equilibrium in the proposed game are also proved. Further analysis of the model in a practical case revealed that taking advantage of the investment effects of other players, perfectly rational players (i.e., those who use the utility function of the proposed game model) make more cost‐effective decisions than selfish nonrational or semirational players.     

吴伟业早期艳体诗略论

通过对吴伟业早期艳体诗生成背景、特色的分析,可以进一步了解梅村诗歌创作的影响及其与明末文学复古运动的关系。     

艺术是按照美的规律创造的——对张涵“艺术审美本质”的思考

张涵从接受美学、社会学、系统论和美的生成说的角度 ,把艺术看成一个系统、一个历史过程 ,从艺术创造、艺术作品、艺术欣赏的有机联系中考察艺术的本质 ,从而得出审美特性为艺术的本质属性的结论。这一结论无论从艺术原理看 ,还是从艺术实践看 ,都显示出较大的合理性     

论传统写真艺术

传统写真属于人物画的范畴 ,要求达到“形神兼备”。通过对写真艺术历史的考察 ,认为 :传统写真在我国绘画中是发展很早的一种艺术体裁 ,传神是写真艺术的优良传统 ,背拟是写真艺术的重要法则 ,线描和笔墨法是写真艺术的主要表现手段 ,传统写真艺术成就是由民间画工和优秀的文人画家共同创造的。     

20世纪艺术理论中的再现说

“再现说”是 20世纪中国艺术理论史中占主导地位的艺术理论,它影响了 20世纪中国艺术实践和艺术理论的整体格局,也影响了人们对艺术起源、艺术本质的看法。20世纪中国社会的动荡,使“再现说”为承载社会责任而偏离了艺术对它的要求。因此,要结合各种观点的语境分析其合理性,并结合“表现说”来分析其得失。     

农业投入中政府与农户的博弈分析

农业投入状况关系着农业生产和农村经济的发展。目前农业投入不足已成为制约我国整体经济发展的“瓶颈”。在是否增加农业投入的问题上,政府与农户之间存在着一种博弈关系。通过农业投入不足的现状考察,用博弈的方法阐释农业投入不足的原因,提出加大农业投入的几点对策。     

20世纪30年代初胡秋原的庸俗社会学批判

庸俗社会学的木质，在于无视艺术规律，取消中间环节，把文艺这一精神现象与人类社会的基础性结构直接关联，从而对文艺的性质、功能作出简单性规定和强制性要求。胡秋原是中国文论界从学理的层面．对庸俗社会学作出深入剖析的第一人。其理论资源，来自于普列汉诺夫的“中介论”。他对弗里契《艺术社会学》“图式化”弊端之批评，亦发时人所未见。其地球“自转”与“公转”之喻，表明了他对文学“自律”与“他律”关系的洞见与把握，并给后人以启发。＋     

论《周易》思维形式的特色

在我国思想史上 ,《周易》思维独具特色。这种特色在形式上表现为思维的意象性、数术性、逻辑性、直观性。《周易》因其显著特色产生独特而巨大的魅力 ,成为中华民族传统文化的源头活水