JOURNAL OF UNIVERSITY OF SHANGHAI FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2002 Vol.24 No.1～4 Total Contents

在学习英语时,中西文化背景的差异,往往会给我们的阅读带来很大的困难。本文拟从词汇的文化内涵、历史典故和西方现代历史文化等三个方面来论述中西文化差异对篇章阅读的影响。     

互联网与文化重构及社会分化

互联网的出现不仅丰富了文化的表现形式 ,而且丰富了文化的基础 ,丰富了人们对真理、理性、伦理等文化基本矛盾的认识。互联网作为一种新的文化形态主要不是依据理论的完整性 ,而是依靠它在传播过程中的文化张力来实现的。互联网的出现导致了文化的多元化 ,推动了个人主义 ,冲击了传统文化的主导地位 ,冲击了传统的主流媒体赖以存在的稳定的文化环境 ,冲击了主流文化推崇的文化价值和伦理价值体系。     

论马克思主义发展的动力机制

从人类实践活动、人类社会发展不同历史阶段时代背景、时代特征、时代要求和时代主题的差异性、马克思主义自身的理论品质、马克思主义政党及其政治领袖们关于理论建设的自觉性和创新精神等几个方面论述了马克思主义发展的动力机制。     

动静态属性数据相结合的客户分类方法研究

研究了一种客户动态、静态属性数据相结合的客户分类方法。提出了客户时间序列的加权处理方法,并应用客户时间序列的统计特征作为聚类特征向量,采用混合式遗传算法对客户聚类,使每一类客户具有相似的时序特征。在此基础上将聚类结果与客户的静态属性数据相结合,对客户进一步分类。实验结果表明,与传统的基于静态属性数据的客户分类方法相比,本文的方法提高了客户分类的准确性。     

Silphids in urban forests: Diversity and function

Many ecologists have examined the process of how urbanization reduces biological diversity but rarely have its ecological consequences been assessed. We studied forest-dwelling burying beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae)—a guild of insects that requires carrion to complete their life cycles—along an urban-rural gradient of land use in Maryland. Our objective was to determine how forest fragmentation associated with urbanization affects (1) beetle community diversity and structure and (2) the ecological function provided by these insects, that is, decomposition of vertebrate carcasses. Forest fragmentation strongly reduced burying beetle diversity and abundance, and did so far more pervasively than urbanization of the surrounding landscape. The likelihood that beetles interred experimental baits was a direct, positive function of burying beetle diversity. We conclude that loss of burying beetle diversity resulting from forest fragmentation could have important ecological consequences in urban forests.     

基于遗传算法的有柔性路径的动态调度问题研究

建立了有柔性路径的FMS动态调度问题的模型．采用离线重调度的方法，提出一种结合离线重调度两种生成调度方式的方法来阐述FMS的有柔性路径动态调度问题．最后给出了该问题的遗传算法解决方法和计算示例．     

Improving flexibility and efficiency by adding parallelism to genetic algorithms

In this paper we develop a study on several types of parallel genetic algorithms (PGAs). Our motivation is to bring some uniformity to the proposal, comparison, and knowledge exchange among the traditionally opposite kinds of serial and parallel GAs. We comparatively analyze the properties of steady-state, generational, and cellular genetic algorithms. Afterwards, this study is extended to consider a distributed model consisting in a ring of GA islands. The analyzed features are the time complexity, selection pressure, schema processing rates, efficacy in finding an optimum, efficiency, speedup, and resistance to scalability. Besides that, we briefly discuss how the migration policy affects the search. Also, some of the search properties of cellular GAs are investigated. The selected benchmark is a representative subset of problems containing real world difficulties. We often conclude that parallel GAs are numerically better and faster than equivalent sequential GAs. Our aim is to shed some light on the advantages and drawbacks of various sequential and parallel GAs to help researchers using them in the very diverse application fields of the evolutionary computation.     

生物多样性保护与知识产权

生物多样性保护与知识产权存在较大的关联性,《生物多样性条约》的相关条款与知识产权密切相关,围绕生物资源保护与利用的知识产权理论不断发展,我国的相关法律制度也应加以完善。     

动物遗传育种系列课程双螺旋循环教学模式的建立与实践

根据动物遗传育种系列课程的结构、教学特点、本学科学生的层次性、学科发展和对教师多能性的要求 ,对该系列课程进行了教学内容、教学方式、教学手段的全面改革 ,构建了一套双螺旋循环教学模式 ,即教师与课程的螺旋循环链和学生层次与学习过程的螺旋循环链。这两条“教”、“学”互动的螺旋循环链有机结合 ,每完成一次循环教学过程 ,双螺旋上升一个螺距 ,教师的教学水平提高 ,学生的综合素质和学历提高一个层次。     

基于遗传算法与模糊控制的建模方法

从实时系统的需求出发,研究利用遗传算法实现实时模糊控制的新技术,包括规则的形成、前提参数的训练,通过对比不同的训练参数规模,讨论了训练参数规模的大小与模型“范化”之间的关系。 经检验,用遗传算法生成的模糊系统模型输入变量少、规则数目少,并且误差小于多数传统算法生成的模型,整个模型的形成过程时间空间复杂度小、易于控制,且不受经验知识的约束,适用于实时系统。