证据不足的无罪判决之评析

证据不足的无罪判决是疑罪从无原则在审判活动中的体现,其性质归属实际上就是无罪判决,为了调和人民法院裁判的稳定性、权威性和裁判的公正性之间的关系,此类判决在撤销或变更上应适用因新发现的情况而恢复诉讼的程序。     

Children's Physiological Regulation and Sibling Conflict as Correlates of Children's Conscience Development

Children's conscience, including the ability to experience guilt and engage in rule‐compatible behavior, develops across early childhood. The current study investigated whether within‐family variation in children's baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and sibling conflict behavior were associated with individual differences in children's guilt and internalized conduct. Between‐family differences across sibling dyad gender compositions were also examined. A within‐family design that included 70 families with two siblings between the ages of 2 and 5 was utilized. Children's baseline RSA was measured while sitting quietly with their family. Mothers and fathers completed questionnaires that assessed siblings’ conflict behavior, guilt, and internalized conduct. Older siblings had higher levels of guilt and internalized conduct than younger siblings. Results from actor‐partner interdependence models indicated that there were no direct effects of children's baseline RSA. The interaction effects approached significance (p's ≤ .08) suggesting that older siblings’ conflict moderated the association between older siblings’ baseline RSA and both older and younger siblings’ guilt. In contrast, older siblings’ conflict was positively associated with older and younger siblings’ internalized conduct. Guilt and internalized conduct also differed for older and younger siblings in different dyad gender compositions. The results underscore the need for greater clarity regarding the function that siblings serve in promoting children's moral development during early childhood.     

Observed and parent‐reported conscience in childhood: Relations with bullying involvement in early primary school

This exploratory study aimed to examine which components of early childhood conscience predicted bullying involvement around school entry. In the population‐based Generation R Study, teacher reports of bullying involvement and parent reports of conscience were available for 3,244 children (M age = 6.7 years). Higher levels of overall conscience predicted lower bullying perpetration scores, independently of intelligence quotient, temperamental traits and sociodemographic characteristics. Particularly, the subscales guilt, confession, and internalized conduct, and to a lesser extent empathy, predicted bullying perpetration. Conscience was not related to victimization. Similar results were found using observations during so‐called ‘cheating games’ (subsample N = 450 children). Findings suggest that improving children's understanding of moral standards and norms may be a potential target for bullying intervention programs in early primary school.     

王阳明对朱子天理思想的继承

王阳明虽以批评朱子起家,但也继承了朱子天理思想。在阐释良知时,阳明在相当程度上就是从天理的角度来说的;在天理、人欲之辨上,王阳明也承袭了朱子的基本立场。阳明对朱子天理思想的继承为良知的客观性、普遍性作出了有力论证,也带来了问题。首先,以天理为心之本体、为至善者,以人欲、私欲为恶,这看上去似乎没什么问题,但在“去得人欲,便识天理”的论调下,理与欲就处于非此即彼的关系中。如此,感性欲望的地位就不得独立,意义就不得彰显。其次,以超验的天理诠释良知,会使作为人内在成德根据的良知抽象化,从而使阳明心学陷入二重性的困境,在学理上有走向分化和破败的可能。     

略论非法行医罪的主观方面

通过我国刑法的罪过理论分析,认为非法行医罪的基本犯罪的主观方面为故意,包括间接故意,并不要求牟利的目的的理解,才符合我国现行刑法的规定。并且,认为本罪的结果加重犯的罪过形式为典型的复合罪过,即过失和间接故意,并给出了自己的理由。     

徇私枉法罪行为构造研析

正确界定徇私枉法罪的客观行为对于司法实务中正确理解和把握该罪尤为重要。首先,关于“对明知是无罪的人而使他受追诉”,是指在没有或缺少事实和证据的基础上对无罪的人进行立案侦查、采取刑事强制措施、提起公诉以及进行审判等,以达到追究其刑事责任的目的。其次,关于“对明知是有罪的人而故意包庇不使他受追诉”,是指对“有证据证明有犯罪事实需要追究刑事责任的人,包括犯罪嫌疑人和被告人”,通过对犯罪的证据和事实施加直接影响以达到不使其受追诉这种枉法的目的。再次,除作为外,不作为可以构成徇私枉法罪。     

法官良知对于司法过程的意义--兼论法官良知与现代宪政体制及理念的关系

法官是任何一个完整的司法过程中最为核心和能动的要素 ;而在法官要素中 ,法官良知又是其灵魂 ,离开了它 ,法官将不成其为法官 ,而司法过程也定将无所作为。但是 ,普遍地恪守法官良知是有条件的 ,它与国家实行宪政的程度密切相关     

归太虚而成圣人——大盐中斋的太虚境界探析

大盐中斋在思想学术上以阳明学为立足点,兼收程朱,其思想以＂太虚＂为核心,归太虚就是要遵从天地万物之理,成就圣人境界。要归太虚,必须致良知;而良知为气质所拘束,只有变化气质,消除气拘物蔽,达观生死,才能使心复归太虚本体,真正达到致良知;与致良知相对而言,去虚伪也是归太虚的一个方法,即祛除人欲虚妄以显现灵明良知。     

论生态良心

全球性生态危机和建设生态文明的时代特点,要求人类用生态良心提高内心生态意识的自觉,形成一种崭新的生态伦理价值观。生态良心作为人类自觉形成的一种生态道德意识和行为习惯,影响着人类的生态道德观念,指引着人类的生态道德实践。对人类中心主义和道德相对主义的反思是人类对自身生态行为的检省,人类中心主义价值立场是导致生态良心困境的理论根源,而道德相对主义则成为生态良心的行为羁绊。生态良心内涵的外在表现,在伦理上为生态道德提供标准,在价值观上体现生态文明理念,为人类突破生态道德的瓶颈提供方向。培育生态意识、汲取文化智慧、践行生态道德应成为生态良心素质提高的指向性选择。     

良知是造化的精灵——王阳明良知概念的实体化倾向

王阳明的良知教以人之道德实践作为归宿,即良知作为人先天的道德意识,它是判断一切现实是非善恶的标准,顺良知之发,则一切行为无不合天理,由此王阳明强调“致良知”为学问的主脑工夫。而另一方面,当王阳明的视野从人类社会扩展到整个宇宙时,良知又超越了作为心之本体的存在形式,上而为“造化的精灵”,它“与物无对”,它“生天生帝”,天地万物都以之作为存在的基础与本质,这样在存有论的意义上良知就成为一种实体性的存在。