法国住宅类税收及其对中国的借鉴

我国拟新设物业税与不动产闲置税,用以调节房产资源占用、使用、交易所产生的收益及分配,并最大限度地实现“居者有其屋”的民生主旨。通过对法国居住税、住宅空置税的研究,提出我国房地产领域税制改革可兹借鉴的信息及设计原则。     

“冲之鸟”岛礁属性辨析

1982年《联合国海洋法公约》第121条第3款确立了岩礁这一新规则。岩礁属于岛屿范畴,然而与岛屿不同的是,它不能拥有专属经济区和大陆架。从“冲之鸟”的情况看,它是岩礁,因而不能拥有专属经济区和大陆架。     

论居住权的宪法地位

居住权源于罗马法，是大陆法系国家的民法上的一项制度。我国民法学界曾对是否引入居住权进行了激烈的争论。然而，我国宪法学界对此却缺少关注。居住权是一项基本人权，是作为自然的和社会的人所固有的权利。通过对居住权沿革的考察和透过宪法视角对居住权的性质、地位、客体和内容进行探讨，应确立居住权的宪法地位，真正保护公民的居住权。     

城市森林发展与人居环境改善

现代城市生态环境不良 ,三废污染严重 ,热岛效应明显 ,城市已成为生命支持系统最差的地方 ,而城市森林具有多种生态功能 ,可明显改善城市的生态环境 ,故建设城市森林为各地和各国所重视。城市森林也为人们回归自然提供了最好的场所。南京建设城市森林时 ,建立的森林群落应以南京地区的顶极群落带有常绿成分的落叶阔叶林为主 ;重视城市森林建设的完整性与系统性 ,满足各类群居民的需要 ;重视绿色廊道的建设 ,在道路两边、河流两侧建立绿化带 ;在城乡结合部发展大片森林 ,保护原有的天然次生林 ;丰富南京的绿化树种 ,引种较耐寒的常绿阔叶树种 ,扩种南京地区特有的珍稀树种。     

Small area estimation of mean price of habitation transaction using time-series and cross-sectional area-level models

In this paper, a new small domain estimator for area-level data is proposed. The proposed estimator is driven by a real problem of estimating the mean price of habitation transaction at a regional level in a European country, using data collected from a longitudinal survey conducted by a national statistical office. At the desired level of inference, it is not possible to provide accurate direct estimates because the sample sizes in these domains are very small. An area-level model with a heterogeneous covariance structure of random effects assists the proposed combined estimator. This model is an extension of a model due to Fay and Herriot [5], but it integrates information across domains and over several periods of time. In addition, a modified method of estimation of variance components for time-series and cross-sectional area-level models is proposed by including the design weights. A Monte Carlo simulation, based on real data, is conducted to investigate the performance of the proposed estimators in comparison with other estimators frequently used in small area estimation problems. In particular, we compare the performance of these estimators with the estimator based on the Rao–Yu model [23]. The simulation study also accesses the performance of the modified variance component estimators in comparison with the traditional ANOVA method. Simulation results show that the estimators proposed perform better than the other estimators in terms of both precision and bias.     

继承法上配偶法定居住权立法研究

我国《继承法》在配偶继承利益保护中存在制度性设计缺陷,与当代各国逐步提高配偶的继承地位、扩大配偶的继承份额的继承法发展趋势不符.两大法系很多国家的立法都规定配偶对婚姻住房享有居住权或优先权.法国、美国关于配偶居住权的规定对配偶生存利益的保护较为周全,值得我国借鉴.我国继承法修改过程中,应明确配偶对婚姻住房享有法定居住权,并对生存配偶法定居住权的成立要件、必要限度、权利丧失情形等方面作出详细规定,从而在切实保护配偶继承利益的同时实现继承人利益的平衡.     

小城镇临街商业型住宅建筑设计探讨

临街商业型住宅有其自身的特点,围绕其商业和居住功能要求,结合工程实例,对其设计构成作一些探讨,创造功能分区明确、灵活舒适、具有民居特色的商业居住建筑环境.     

罗马法中非典型物权形态的解释方法研究——以使用权、居住权的形成史为中心的考察

在罗马法早期,使用权仅仅具有单一的使用权能而不能进行收益,居住权也不是一种市民法上的物权。但在日常实践中,人们常常会遗赠孳息出产物的使用权或者房屋的居住权,由此产生了一系列非典型的物权形态。在这种情况下,罗马法学家一方面要遵循市民法的原则,另一方面要满足民众新的需求。他们通过不同的解释方法,扩张了使用权的边界,并且赋予了居住权以物权的效力。罗马法学家对于非法定物权形态的解释的终点,正是现代物权法定的起点。     

Vernacular Domed Houses of Harran, Turkey

The beehive domed vernacular houses of Harran, Turkey were studied from the point of view of historical origin. The factors like climate, social and urban structure, spatial organization, construction and materials which effected the form of the buildings were considered. It has been discovered through this study that Harran houses can be built rapidly like tents, with burnt or sun-dried shallow bricks. Vernacular architecture of Harran illustrates the concepts of flexible building, climatic building design and re-usable building materials concepts. Possibilities of using this construction type in our times is discussed.     

北京市居住郊区化对通州区住宅建设的影响及对策

文章在北京市居住郊区化进程愈演愈烈的大背景下,以通州区住宅建设现状为例,参照国外解决郊区化问题的成功案例,分析得出解决居住郊区化对住宅建设消极影响的方法与对策。