《火炮反后坐装置设计》课程教学探索

《火炮反后坐装置设计》是火炮及自动武器专业的一门主要专业课 ;它不仅研究制退机和复进机的结构设计 ,而且研究其工作参数与全炮受力的关系 ,旨在解决火炮及自动武器威力与机动性的矛盾。研究了该课程的教学内容改革和多媒体教学问题 ,阐述了该课程教学内容应体现本领域的新原理、新结构、新技术 ,应与相关学科和技术的发展相适应 ,提出了对于本课程应用多媒体教学手段将明显提高教学效率和教学效果     

试论日军在常德会战中使用化学武器的问题

日军在侵华战争期间,无视国际公约(法),在战场上频频使用化学武器,致使众多中国军民伤亡。大量史事证明,在1943年11月初至12月底的中日常德会战中,由于日本华中派遣军在作战中多次实施毒气(弹)攻击,致使中国第六、第九战区的参战部队伤亡惨重。此战中“日军使用毒气次数之多,为抗战以来所仅见”。     

Establish a Glorious Century of Maintaining Life＇ s Dignity

现今的世界上,有许多人由于内战、贫困与饥饿、环境破坏等威胁,迫使他们的生命及尊严处于危险状态,也有大批人仍然饱受着人权侵害、种族歧视的痛苦。为和平、人权、人道的奋斗,绝不是低层爬到高山的顶峰就可以达到终点那样。重要的是要创建一股一代接一代、谁也阻挡不了的滔滔洪流,并日积月累地把它发展和扩大。这就是我们为了建设一个和平未来的不断挑战。     

Who Holds the Stakes? A Case Study of Stakeholder Identification at Two Nuclear Weapons Production Sites

Traditional risk assessments, including those involving the United States Department of Energy (USDOE), are often criticized for producing useless or noncredible management responses because they did not meaningfully involve the public. The first step to involve the public is to identify appropriate active participants (stakeholders). This study was done to understand the processes used to identify stakeholders to serve on advisory boards established at the two largest remediation sites in the United States: the Hanford Nuclear Reservation in Washington state and the Savannah River Site in South Carolina. The Hanford stakeholder identification process produced an interest-based board whereas the Savannah River Site strategy produced population-based representation. The basic goals of the stakeholder advisory groups were similar. However, different processes were used to identify the participants for the groups in part because of distinctly different social and cultural conditions in the areas affected by the operations of the two facilities, and in part because of the different level of trust of the USDOE and their contractors at Hanford compared with Savannah River. The discussion analyzes their different needs and potential for successful citizen participation.     

Coverage plots for assessing the variability of estimated contours of a density

Methods for assessing the variability of an estimated contour of a density are discussed. A new method called the coverage plot is proposed. Techniques including sectioning and bootstrap techniques are compared for a particular problem which arises in Monte Carlo simulation approaches to estimating the spatial distribution of risk in the operation of weapons firing ranges. It is found that, for computational reasons, the sectioning procedure outperforms the bootstrap for this problem. The roles of bias and sample size are also seen in the examples shown.     

黑客伦理、公有主义与声誉--对黑客行为的一种理论解释

利用默顿的科学规范理论来解释黑客"信息要免费"伦理,认为黑客在网络中发布的免费信息,其动机源于科学规范中的公有主义和无私利性.但是这种行为并不是一种纯粹的理想类型,而是一种礼物交换,交换的目的是为了获得声誉.     

虎式坦克与第二次世界大战中新式武器的评价

虎式坦克是第二次世界大战期间纳粹德国装备的一种重型坦克。作为战争期间投入使用的一种新式武器，德军对虎式坦克给予了极大的期望。与纳粹在战争中使用的众多新式武器一样，虎式坦克未能帮助德军扭转战局，但是，这种坦克却为我们评价二战期间的新式武器提供了最佳标尺。     

Economic Impact of Accelerated Cleanup on Regions Surrounding the U.S. DOE's Major Nuclear Weapons Sites

The regional economic impacts of the U.S. Department of Energy's accelerated environmental cleanup plan are estimated for the major nuclear weapons sites in Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Washington. The analysis shows that the impact falls heavily on the three relatively rural regions around the Savannah River (SC), Hanford (WA), and Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (ID) sites. A less aggressive phase-down of environmental management funds and separate funds to invest in education and infrastructure in the regions helps buffer the impacts on jobs, personal income, and gross regional product. Policy options open to the federal and state and local governments are discussed.     

美国"大规模报复战略"出台成因初探

20世纪 5 0年代美国“大规模报复战略”出台的成因首先是时代的产物 ,即冷战的产物 ;其次 ,它是由战后美国两党斗争、麦卡锡主义等诸多政治因素的压力促成 ;再次 ,也是战后美国经济发展中经济波动压力的结果 ;最后 ,美国核武器及运载系统等方面军事技术的领先 ,是其出台的技术基础。     

Public Distrust and Hazard Management Success at the Rocky Flats Nuclear Weapons Plant

Based on experience gained while serving a public oversight commission appointed by the governor of Colorado, hazard management at the Department of Energy's Rocky Flats nuclear weapons plant is reviewed. Specific reference is made to the plant's history of controversy, its defense-in-depth strategy of hazard control, occupational health issues, public exposure to plutonium, and the assessment of low-probability, high-consequence risks. This leads to the conclusion that Rocky Flats is, by any objective standard, a hazard management success. It follows that public distrust of Rocky Flats arises as much from fear and loathing of nuclear weapons themselves as from the manufacturing process by which they are made.