长江三角洲南部下蜀黄土与硬粘土层关系初探

从气候变化和地形影响两个角度 ,对长江三角洲南部晚更新世地层中西部丘陵区的下蜀黄土与东部平原区的硬粘土层进行了初步探讨 ,认为二者的物质来源都是末次冰期盛冰期由风力搬运堆积而形成的。     

试论文化作为广告传播的软媒介

在产品同质化和媒介数量剧增、信息爆炸的社会条件下,作为大众传播形式之一的广告传播仍然采用传统的硬媒介,难以取得理想的传播效果。因此,充分研究广告受众,寻找适宜的创意和表现形式成了当务之急,文化是传受双方共享的信息资源。     

突发事件应急管理中的情景适应度研究

在突发事件的处置过程中,每个阶段对情景的确定决定了突发事件应急管理的工作方式和决策制定的指向性,从而影响整体应急管理工作的总体决策判断。本文主要针对突发事件应急情景选取问题,由粗到细的采用具有语义接近范围的情景适应度方式和情景属性云匹配方式进行情景确定问题的收敛,从而能够相对精确的确定应急处置过程中的情景,为系统决策提供支持。     

云计算在高校校园网资源管理中的应用

校园网以云计算为核心架构，可以实现基础设施与实际应用的分离，解决校园网面临的资源共享、设备更新、管理统一等问题，促进教师的教学和科研工作，丰富学生的学习和生活，并为资源的存储和安全提供的保障。     

一生多半在车船--李笠翁“苦游”四海

李笠翁一生不断搬家和出游，自谓“一生多半在车船”，当是实录。单说长游，就有五次：最早的一次是康熙三四年间游粤；紧接着是康熙五至七年游京师连着游晋秦；回金陵住了一年多后，于康熙九年游闽；又隔一年，游楚；最后是康熙十二至十三年第二次游京师。此外，笠翁还在68岁高龄时，于贫病交加之中作了一次湖州之游。在别人，外出大都是“乐”游；而在笠翁，则是“苦”游。在别人，是衣食无忧，到外面长见识，增阅历，或观赏大自然的美景；而在笠翁，则是去“就食”，即像牧民“逐水草而居”找饭吃。别人是“吃饱了饭”去游玩“消食”；而笠翁却是“饿着肚子”出游“找食”，自谓“为饥驱而走四方”。当然，“苦”中有乐，“饥驱四方，遍历名胜”；同时也有收获———除“化缘”得“食”之外，还收获了诗文，也收获了友谊。但是，笠翁出游，“苦”是主打，“乐”是陪衬；“苦”是正业，“乐”是副产品。     

Bayes linear analysis for graphical models: The geometric approach to local computation and interpretive graphics

This paper concerns the geometric treatment of graphical models using Bayes linear methods. We introduce Bayes linear separation as a second order generalised conditional independence relation, and Bayes linear graphical models are constructed using this property. A system of interpretive and diagnostic shadings are given, which summarise the analysis over the associated moral graph. Principles of local computation are outlined for the graphical models, and an algorithm for implementing such computation over the junction tree is described. The approach is illustrated with two examples. The first concerns sales forecasting using a multivariate dynamic linear model. The second concerns inference for the error variance matrices of the model for sales, and illustrates the generality of our geometric approach by treating the matrices directly as random objects. The examples are implemented using a freely available set of object-oriented programming tools for Bayes linear local computation and graphical diagnostic display.     

Practical Maximum Pseudolikelihood for Spatial Point Patterns(with Discussion)

This paper describes a technique for computing approximate maximum pseudolikelihood estimates of the parameters of a spatial point process. The method is an extension of Berman & Turner's (1992) device for maximizing the likelihoods of inhomogeneous spatial Poisson processes. For a very wide class of spatial point process models the likelihood is intractable, while the pseudolikelihood is known explicitly, except for the computation of an integral over the sampling region. Approximation of this integral by a finite sum in a special way yields an approximate pseudolikelihood which is formally equivalent to the (weighted) likelihood of a loglinear model with Poisson responses. This can be maximized using standard statistical software for generalized linear or additive models, provided the conditional intensity of the process takes an 'exponential family' form. Using this approach a wide variety of spatial point process models of Gibbs type can be fitted rapidly, incorporating spatial trends, interaction between points, dependence on spatial covariates, and mark information.     

Arranging sensations: smell and taste in augmented and virtual reality

The development of digital taste and smell underscores the importance of cultural dimensions of bodily perception in augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) devices. This can be seen in Vocktail and Season Traveller, two digital devices incorporating taste and smell. Vocktail is an AR technology that augments the experience of drinking water, or even air, through the electrical stimulation of tastebuds and the manipulation of color and smell. Season Traveller is a VR game in which the user moves through four seasonal landscapes. It uses wind, odor, and temperature in addition to the more standard audio-visual displays. The cultural dimensions of these devices can be examined using phenomenological terms. They instigate perceptual circuits, and call on and create sedimented habits. Although VR and AR are often thought of in terms of their similitude to reality, understanding Vocktail and Season Traveller this way illustrates the world-creating dimension of multisensory devices. These technologies structure and shift thresholds of taste and smell, reworking past perceptual styles and habits to develop new perceptual experiences. In so doing, Season Traveller and Vocktail throw to the fore questions about the conditions according to which people exercise their senses in digitally dominated environments.     

Approximate Bayesian inference for latent Gaussian models by using integrated nested Laplace approximations

Summary.  Structured additive regression models are perhaps the most commonly used class of models in statistical applications. It includes, among others, (generalized) linear models, (generalized) additive models, smoothing spline models, state space models, semiparametric regression, spatial and spatiotemporal models, log-Gaussian Cox processes and geostatistical and geoadditive models. We consider approximate Bayesian inference in a popular subset of structured additive regression models, latent Gaussian models , where the latent field is Gaussian, controlled by a few hyperparameters and with non-Gaussian response variables. The posterior marginals are not available in closed form owing to the non-Gaussian response variables. For such models, Markov chain Monte Carlo methods can be implemented, but they are not without problems, in terms of both convergence and computational time. In some practical applications, the extent of these problems is such that Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling is simply not an appropriate tool for routine analysis. We show that, by using an integrated nested Laplace approximation and its simplified version, we can directly compute very accurate approximations to the posterior marginals. The main benefit of these approximations is computational: where Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms need hours or days to run, our approximations provide more precise estimates in seconds or minutes. Another advantage with our approach is its generality, which makes it possible to perform Bayesian analysis in an automatic, streamlined way, and to compute model comparison criteria and various predictive measures so that models can be compared and the model under study can be challenged.     

Forensic Evaluation of Deaf Individuals: Challenges and Strategies

ABSTRACT

Forensic evaluation of deaf individuals presents unique challenges due to many examinees’ fund of information deficits, potential for language deprivation, and examiners’ frequent lack of creativity regarding communication methods. This article describes challenges most frequently encountered in competency to stand trial and criminal responsibility evaluations and offers strategies for overcoming them. The value of employing multiple communication methods, especially the use of illustrations, is emphasized. Suggestions also are offered regarding preparing evaluation reports and effectively communicating “key deaf fundamentals” to legal personnel. Encouragement is offered for qualified, sign-fluent professionals to engage in forensic work.