长江三角洲南部下蜀黄土与硬粘土层关系初探

从气候变化和地形影响两个角度 ,对长江三角洲南部晚更新世地层中西部丘陵区的下蜀黄土与东部平原区的硬粘土层进行了初步探讨 ,认为二者的物质来源都是末次冰期盛冰期由风力搬运堆积而形成的。     

试论文化作为广告传播的软媒介

在产品同质化和媒介数量剧增、信息爆炸的社会条件下,作为大众传播形式之一的广告传播仍然采用传统的硬媒介,难以取得理想的传播效果。因此,充分研究广告受众,寻找适宜的创意和表现形式成了当务之急,文化是传受双方共享的信息资源。     

一生多半在车船--李笠翁“苦游”四海

李笠翁一生不断搬家和出游，自谓“一生多半在车船”，当是实录。单说长游，就有五次：最早的一次是康熙三四年间游粤；紧接着是康熙五至七年游京师连着游晋秦；回金陵住了一年多后，于康熙九年游闽；又隔一年，游楚；最后是康熙十二至十三年第二次游京师。此外，笠翁还在68岁高龄时，于贫病交加之中作了一次湖州之游。在别人，外出大都是“乐”游；而在笠翁，则是“苦”游。在别人，是衣食无忧，到外面长见识，增阅历，或观赏大自然的美景；而在笠翁，则是去“就食”，即像牧民“逐水草而居”找饭吃。别人是“吃饱了饭”去游玩“消食”；而笠翁却是“饿着肚子”出游“找食”，自谓“为饥驱而走四方”。当然，“苦”中有乐，“饥驱四方，遍历名胜”；同时也有收获———除“化缘”得“食”之外，还收获了诗文，也收获了友谊。但是，笠翁出游，“苦”是主打，“乐”是陪衬；“苦”是正业，“乐”是副产品。     

左江花山岩画铜鼓考

左江花山岩画文化景观成功入选世界遗产名录后,依然有未解的千年之谜。经对左江花山岩画中铜鼓的族属、类型、传承发展、文化功能等进行多角度考证,确认左江花山岩画所绘铜鼓为骆越人所有,其类型为万家坝型、石寨山型和东山型早期铜鼓;岩画中的铜鼓不仅是部族首领权力的象征,还是通天礼神、汇聚人心、指挥军阵、人神共娱的重要礼器、响器及乐器;东汉马援缴骆越铜鼓后,左江流域骆越后裔仍有用鼓、尚鼓的习俗,这是对左江花山岩画铜鼓的一种继承与发展。与此同时,骆越人先进的青铜铸造技术亦为铜鼓在这一地区的传承与发展提供了物质基础。     

Practical Maximum Pseudolikelihood for Spatial Point Patterns(with Discussion)

This paper describes a technique for computing approximate maximum pseudolikelihood estimates of the parameters of a spatial point process. The method is an extension of Berman & Turner's (1992) device for maximizing the likelihoods of inhomogeneous spatial Poisson processes. For a very wide class of spatial point process models the likelihood is intractable, while the pseudolikelihood is known explicitly, except for the computation of an integral over the sampling region. Approximation of this integral by a finite sum in a special way yields an approximate pseudolikelihood which is formally equivalent to the (weighted) likelihood of a loglinear model with Poisson responses. This can be maximized using standard statistical software for generalized linear or additive models, provided the conditional intensity of the process takes an 'exponential family' form. Using this approach a wide variety of spatial point process models of Gibbs type can be fitted rapidly, incorporating spatial trends, interaction between points, dependence on spatial covariates, and mark information.     

‘Singing acts’ from the deep North: critical perspectives on northern exotics,contemporary ethnic music and language preservation in Sámi communities

This paper discusses the relationship of northernness and performances of contemporary ethnic popular music, within the context of critical geography and postcolonial theory. The focus is on the Sámi ethnic minorities of northern Finland. The North of Finland, ‘nature-Finland’, is understood here as an imaginative region which over the course of several centuries has been constituted through various forms of stereotyping, mystifying, exoticising and othering of Sámi minorities in accordance with the nationalist endeavours of Southern Finland. While these stereotypes and preconceptions of northernness have delimited northern cultural activity, contemporary ethnic music is conceived here as a strategic tool with which stereotypes of northernness can be contested and the work of the preservation of ethnic heritage put into action. The focus is on the works of Inari Sámi-singing rap musician Amoc, Skolt Sámi-singing heavy rock girl Tiina Sanila and the North Sámi-singing hard rock band SomBy. Their music is approached as ‘singing acts’ that work as tools for the preservation of ethnic culture and minority languages and for the deconstruction of stereotypes directed at northernness. The paper claims that contemporary contexts and genres within which singing in Sámi languages takes place may inspire the audience to ponder and reconsider their own ways of perceiving Sáminess and northernness.     

当代中国的音乐及社会差序——京剧票友会与摇滚乐队“派对”比较研究

本文主要探讨当代中国的两种音乐活动形式——京剧票友会以及摇滚乐队派对。这两种音乐形式虽然在风格上截然不同,但是两种社团在结构上却存在着一定的相似性。这两种活动形式基本上都具有我们所称之为＂为位＂（positioning）的行为,参与者由此在音乐活动中找到他们各自的位置。而且,两种活动形式都涉及到＂外来者的融入＂（outsider integration）,即允许陌生人的参与并在活动中找到他们的位置。     

Forensic Evaluation of Deaf Individuals: Challenges and Strategies

ABSTRACT

Forensic evaluation of deaf individuals presents unique challenges due to many examinees’ fund of information deficits, potential for language deprivation, and examiners’ frequent lack of creativity regarding communication methods. This article describes challenges most frequently encountered in competency to stand trial and criminal responsibility evaluations and offers strategies for overcoming them. The value of employing multiple communication methods, especially the use of illustrations, is emphasized. Suggestions also are offered regarding preparing evaluation reports and effectively communicating “key deaf fundamentals” to legal personnel. Encouragement is offered for qualified, sign-fluent professionals to engage in forensic work.     

Labor Market Disparities Between African Americans and Afro Caribbeans: Reexamining the Role of Immigrant Selectivity

Black immigrants from the Caribbean have long attained greater labor market success than African Americans. The most recent studies show that Afro Caribbeans have earnings that are approximately 16% greater than African Americans and that Afro Caribbeans are as much as 21% more likely to be employed than African Americans. The most prominent explanation for greater Afro Caribbean success is that, because they have chosen to migrate, Afro Caribbeans are positively self‐selected on characteristics that are key for success in the U.S. labor market. Proponents of immigrant selectivity argue that migrants have greater levels of both hard and soft skills than nonmigrants. Using data from the National Survey of American Life—the first social survey to provide a nationally representative sample of both African Americans and Afro Caribbeans—this study finds that Afro Caribbeans have greater hard skills than African Americans but split the difference on two measures of soft skills: African Americans and Afro Caribbeans are matched on John Henryism, but African Americans have greater personal mastery than Afro Caribbeans. Contrary to expectations, controlling for differences in hard and soft skills does not provide for a meaningful reduction in labor market disparities between African Americans and Afro Caribbeans.     

党的三代中央领导人论艰苦奋斗

当中国共产党即将由革命党转变为执政党的历史关头 ,毛泽东提出两个“务必”;在社会主义市场经济条件下 ,邓小平、江泽民将艰苦奋斗与反腐败并论 ;在全面建设小康社会的征途上 ,胡锦涛再提艰苦奋斗具有现实针对性。党的三代领导人论述艰苦奋斗的核心 ,就是始终保持党同人民群众的血肉联系