制度风险的法律维度: 突破非物质文化遗产保护的瓶颈

以风险理论审视非物质文化遗产的现行法律制度,根据风险产生根源不同,非物质文化遗产保护的制度风险会表现为制度运转失灵风险、制度功能偏差风险和公平性缺失风险。化解制度风险,形成制度风险的维度,不可基于同一个标准,而是需要在大的框架之下论及制度风险的法律管控,需要有针对性地创构"建立私权,善用公权"的多元法律控制体系,并在体系内引入技术规制,创设"非物质文化遗产权",推动民间习惯法与法律制度、公法与私法的互动式发展。     

Fire and restoration of the largest urban forest of the world in Rio de Janeiro City,Brazil

National Park of Tijuca in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) is about 3,300 ha and considered the largest urban forest in the world. Its floristic composition is typical of Atlantic Rain Forest. The reserve is being altered because of fire occurrences and urban expansion. This study identified locations and causes of forest fires, and makes management recommendations to restore damaged areas. From 1991 to 2000, forest firefighters recorded an average of 75-fire occurrences/year. Identified causes included hot air balloons (24%), intentional (24%), rubbish burning (21%) and religious practices (17%). Primary fuels included invasive grasses and ferns. Although hot air balloons destroyed larger areas of forest in each occurrence, a greater number of fires started in the invasive vegetation along roads that bisect the forest. In response to recurrent forests, invasive vegetation has spread gradually into the forest increasing forest degradation. To decrease fire damage, sites with high fire frequencies and density of invasive vegetation were planted with less flammable species. Results indicate that fire frequency decreased and density of invasive vegetation declined. This approach appears to prevent fire incidence, reduce the need for fire fighting, and preserve existing biodiversity.     

珍珠遗产历久弥新--2005中国镇江赛珍珠学术研讨会综述

在纪念中国抗日战争、世界反法西斯战争胜利60周年前夕,历史文化名城镇江第三次举行赛珍珠学术研讨会,纪念中国人民的朋友、美国女作家赛珍珠诞辰113周年.来自海内外逾百位专家学者研究和探讨了这位1938年诺贝尔文学奖得主的文学创作的题材特性、主题意蕴及艺术构成;考察和评估了她当年反映我国抗日斗争的文学作品、支持中国人民抗日的政论言论以及大量卓有成效的援华抗日活动的功绩;思考和展望了她所留给我们的遗产,在今天全球化和本土化趋势并存发展的语境下,其跨文化的独特经历及对文化多元共存、互相尊重的认识所具有的特殊价值和深远意义.     

城市公众安全文化教育的方法与思路——兼议北京2008“安全奥运文化”普及问题

通过对安全文化发展演变历史的简单回眸,探讨了适用于城市安全减灾的安全文化教育的模式及方法,尤其从文化建设层面上研究了应用安全文化建设方法的特点。作为最现实的应用,还就2008年北京“安全奥运”的系统化建设提出了“安全奥运文化”普及教育的思路。     

The potential of integrated modelling in conservation biology: A case study of the black‐footed albatross (Phoebastria nigripes)

Conservation biology aims at assessing the status of a population, based on information which is often incomplete. Integrated population modelling based on state‐space models appears to be a powerful and relevant way of combining into a single likelihood several types of information such as capture‐recapture data and population surveys. In this paper, the authors describe the principles of integrated population modelling and they evaluate its performance for conservation biology based on a case study, that of the black‐footed albatross, a northern Pacific albatross species suspected to be impacted by longline fishing     

朱之锡治河

清初河患异常严重,清承明制设立河道总督。朱之锡是清代第二任河道总督,他在任期间提出了具体的治河措施并加以实施,使河患得以减轻。朱之锡为治河鞠躬尽瘁,病死于任上,因此,深受沿河百姓爱戴,死后被沿河百姓称为河神。     

福建宁德畲族(聚居区)文化遗产保护与利用的调查报告

福建宁德畲族文化作为中华畲族文化的主源头之一,在团结与凝聚当地和国内外的畲族同胞,增进人们对畲族历史文化和现实了解方面发挥了不可替代的纽带作用,它与聚居区内景色秀丽的山水风光相映成趣,具有潜力巨大的旅游价值与产业价值。但近期以来,该地畲族传统文化也面临着逐渐失传的现实危机。抓紧实施抢救与发展畲族文化遗产系统工程的各项具体工作,对于继承畲族优秀传统文化,促进地方自然生态、文化生态与经济的和谐发展具有重要的意义。     

近百年来中国对文物建筑与历史地段的保护

论文以1949年为界,分两大部分叙述了迄今为止大约100年来中国对文物建筑与历史地段的保护。总结出1949年后中国近代文物建筑保护思想观念的演变特征,即前期以具有社会主义特色的保护观念为主,80年代以来发展为逐渐与国际接轨。     

白寿彝先生和《史学概论》

白寿彝先生主编的《史学概论》的显著特点在于:对历史唯物主义同史学概论的关系,史学遗产同史学概论的关系,近代史学、马克思主义史学同史学概论的关系等,都有深刻的理解和恰当的处置,具有科学研究和教学实践的参考价值。     

三峡历史文化遗产的考古发掘与研究

复旦大学文博系考古队连续三年参加了三峡库区的文物抢救工作。对麻柳沱遗址和石地磅墓地进行了大规模地发掘 ,发现了史前晚期———明清等各个时期的古文化遗存。同时还利用科技考古方法解读遗存信息 ,复原和重建古代历史文化和社会