无限家园--读廖志理的组诗《来自生活最初的激情》

文章通过解读组诗文本,抓住家园情结这一内核,较为翔实地剖析了诗人对农耕民族的精神历程与诗意关怀,并归纳了三个艺术特点即忧患精神的张扬、时空转换的把握和整体象征的艺术自觉.     

Using Probabilistic Terrorism Risk Modeling for Regulatory Benefit-Cost Analysis: Application to the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative in the Land Environment

This article presents a framework for using probabilistic terrorism risk modeling in regulatory analysis. We demonstrate the framework with an example application involving a regulation under consideration, the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative for the Land Environment, (WHTI‐L). First, we estimate annualized loss from terrorist attacks with the Risk Management Solutions (RMS) Probabilistic Terrorism Model. We then estimate the critical risk reduction, which is the risk‐reducing effectiveness of WHTI‐L needed for its benefit, in terms of reduced terrorism loss in the United States, to exceed its cost. Our analysis indicates that the critical risk reduction depends strongly not only on uncertainties in the terrorism risk level, but also on uncertainty in the cost of regulation and how casualties are monetized. For a terrorism risk level based on the RMS standard risk estimate, the baseline regulatory cost estimate for WHTI‐L, and a range of casualty cost estimates based on the willingness‐to‐pay approach, our estimate for the expected annualized loss from terrorism ranges from $2.7 billion to $5.2 billion. For this range in annualized loss, the critical risk reduction for WHTI‐L ranges from 7% to 13%. Basing results on a lower risk level that results in halving the annualized terrorism loss would double the critical risk reduction (14–26%), and basing the results on a higher risk level that results in a doubling of the annualized terrorism loss would cut the critical risk reduction in half (3.5–6.6%). Ideally, decisions about terrorism security regulations and policies would be informed by true benefit‐cost analyses in which the estimated benefits are compared to costs. Such analyses for terrorism security efforts face substantial impediments stemming from the great uncertainty in the terrorist threat and the very low recurrence interval for large attacks. Several approaches can be used to estimate how a terrorism security program or regulation reduces the distribution of risks it is intended to manage. But, continued research to develop additional tools and data is necessary to support application of these approaches. These include refinement of models and simulations, engagement of subject matter experts, implementation of program evaluation, and estimating the costs of casualties from terrorism events.     

Identifying Changing Aviation Threat Environments Within an Adaptive Homeland Security Advisory System

A critical component of aviation security consists of screening passengers and baggage to protect airports and aircraft from terrorist threats. Advancements in screening device technology have increased the ability to detect these threats; however, specifying the operational configurations of these devices in response to changes in the threat environment can become difficult. This article proposes to use Fisher information as a statistical measure for detecting changes in the threat environment. The perceived risk of passengers, according to prescreening information and behavior analysis, is analyzed as the passengers sequentially enter the security checkpoint. The alarm responses from the devices used to detect threats are also analyzed to monitor significant changes in the frequency of threat items uncovered. The key results are that this information‐based measure can be used within the Homeland Security Advisory System to indicate changes in threat conditions in real time, and provide the flexibility of security screening detection devices to responsively and automatically adapt operational configurations to these changing threat conditions.     

寻找快乐的家园——读王安忆长篇小说《上种红菱下种藕》

小说《上种红菱下种藕》表现了上海附近一个小镇上的特殊风景,这里的生活气息浓郁,且温情怡然,这里的人们质朴而善良,这些都是我们向往的最宝贵的东西。在现代化的进程中,经济的、科学技术的现代化一方面带来了富庶和繁荣,另一方面也刮走了精神中的营养。     

看透风景 看细水长流——从池莉小说看当今文学的价值取向

文化背景和语言表现是体现作家个性的标志,作家应该摒弃“媚俗”与“媚雅”的束缚,立足于自己的生活经历,皈依于自我的精神家园,不断在人物的塑造和意境的开拓上,创作出读者喜欢的作品。面对热闹、新奇迭出的文坛,作家们应该持有一份细水长流的创作心态。     

诗化了的童年梦想和童年梦想的诗化——《社戏》、《故乡》中的童年

《社戏》、《故乡》中的儿童乡村生活是鲁迅诗化童年的梦想和童年梦想的诗化 ,鲁迅把自己对故乡的情感和他的立人思想灌注于他笔下的诗性故乡中 ,从诗性的故乡中汲取强大的精神力量以对抗生存的痛苦感、焦虑感     

服务业跨国公司的发展与母国就业

服务业跨国公司对母国就业的影响取决于对外直接投资之前母国企业的国际竞争力状况和对外直接投资之后对母国国内资本形成的影响等两方面的因素。服务业跨国公司可以创造或维持一部分母国就业,提高国内就业人员的熟练程度和技能水平,从而有助于国内就业结构的优化。     

杜牧的樊川情结

樊川是杜牧幼年和青少年成长的地方,这里秀美的山水孕育了他的樊川情结,家庭的变故和仕途的失意进一步强化了这一情结。在本质上,杜牧是把樊川作为他理想人格的观照,并在潜意识中把它作为人生漂泊中灵魂栖居的精神家园,从而与现实世界相对立而存在。     

追寻:中外文学的叙事母题

追寻是人类文明发展的永恒动力,更是一个终极性的文化命题。人类追寻精神通过艺术审美途径被转译为中外文学中一个基本的母题模式。“流浪汉小说”是其最浅易、最显明的母题表述图式。大多数流浪汉小说的文本都呈现出两重结构:一是直接对应现实生存的表层结构,一是隐含人生哲理和诗意概括、寄寓着追寻母题的深层结构。(精神)家园叙事是追寻母题的形而上层面或哲学意味上的表达形态,具体表现为:其一是对个体存在的认同性焦虑进行自我确证的过程性追寻,现代人的根本性焦虑是无家可归感,文学中的追寻可以将个体性的价值选择、精神追求与特定的精神价值体系和文化观念体系相联系,并在其中被确认而得到心灵的慰籍。其二是持有既定的人生取向和明确的精神目标、旨在重建或心造一个理想“家园”的追寻,这种追寻中的“家园”被赋予了诸多形而上的意味,且与“诗意地栖居”等话语概念相关联,描述了人类带着乡愁寻找精神家园的漫长旅程。