Transformer in navigation: Diverse government roles for open innovation in China's high-speed rail

Based on a longitudinal case study of China's high-speed rail embedded in the emerging economy context, we focus on what role the government plays and how that matters to open innovation (OI) for competitive advantage. By linking the OI literature with the national political institutions literature to motivate our research question, we propose a statist-based OI view to differentiate diverse government roles, investigating how government adopts roles in a combined way to push OI in stages. Our findings suggest that government is an important strategic decision-maker for OI. Specifically, the government plays various roles as commander, protector, cultivator, and intermediator, reflecting state activism derived from national political institutions, to construct institutional-level OI for domestic OI activities, and inbound and outbound OI across national borders. We find government can deliberately and strategically use its diverse roles in a combined way to push OI for competitive advantage through the industrial evolutionary process over time. Our study contributes to the OI literature and integrates the strategic management literature with the study of OI to provide new insights to explain the origins of competitive advantage from the state perspective.     

Childbearing and Marriage: Investigating the Importance of Context for Meaning-Making of First-Time Marriage

Previous research reveals that the temporal ordering of childbearing and marriage can have an impact on the meaning of first-time marriage. This article aims to obtain a deeper understanding of meaning-making of first-time marriage in relation to childbearing. Narrative interviews with 16 brides and grooms in 8 couples in Sweden were conducted. The material was analyzed in relation to the temporal ordering of childbearing and marriage. The study reveals that the construction of meaning of marriage does not only relate to the temporal context. Social factors such as social class or family formation might also be relevant for how meaning is constructed. This article contributes to a deeper understanding of meaning-making as a relational process constructed within particular contexts.     

英语中形式与意义不一致的语用研究

英语与其他语种一样存在着形式与意义不一致的语用问题 ,主要有四种表现形式 :陈述句起疑问句、祈使句作用 ;疑问句起着陈述句、祈使句作用 ;肯定形式表示否定意义 ;否定形式表示肯定意义。由于说话者的目的不同 ,选择的表达方式就不同 ,其语用意义也随之变化。     

论《青史演义》的创作背景

《青史演义》是蒙古族文学史上一部最著名的长篇小说。其作者尹湛纳希生活在近代中国从封建社会进入半殖民地半封建社会时期。他亲身经历了殖民主义、帝国主义侵略和清朝国力的衰败。当时蒙古族社会上层阶级安于现状 ,麻木不仁 ,而且整个蒙古社会信奉黄教 ,百姓们为了来世的利益 ,牺牲此生的事业 ,很大程度上丧失了进取心。为了重振蒙古民族英勇、坚韧的民族精神 ,《青史演义》由此应运而生了。     

界定语言的逻辑理路

迄今,还没有一门科学像语言学这样不能提供研究对象的结论性定义。语言有三个本质属性,即社会事实、心理表征及声音和意义结合的符号系统,只有对语言进行三维观照,才有可能本真地推导出语言这一语言学对象所特有的、本质的属性     

论礼貌在交际中的识解

礼貌是一个非常复杂的问题,它的识解需要语言内、外的知识。礼貌既要通过语言知识如语调,字、词和句来识解,又要借助人的常识和对语境中的认知能力。礼貌是即时即景的,说话人与受话人的个人经历、文化背景和合作对礼貌起了很大的作用。情景及其它非语言因素也起了不可忽视的作用,通过语言体现的礼貌因人因情景因文化而异。     

中日文化差异与日语教学

中日两国一衣带水,相互毗邻,有着两千多年的友好交往历史。在语言文字方面两国人民互相学习,相互影响,有不少相同、相似之处。但其中也有一些看似相同,实际上已经出现差异并具有特色的词汇和习俗,弄清这些词汇和习俗差异对我们学习日语和同日本人交流大有益处。尤其是在日语教学中,把这些词汇与习俗的异同及时渗透给学生,把中日文化的对比融入日语语言教学中,既可大大地活跃课堂气氛,又可提高学生的积极性和交际水平、应用能力。     

委婉表达现象的认知语用特征

委婉表达现象的认知语用特征,如果从语用规约、隐喻思维和认知语境几个方面来看,其实质就是人们利用纯语言符号和认知机制合力的心理认知过程;委婉表达现象与语用规约、隐喻、认知语境等密不可分。     

左思风力之成因初探

西晋诗人左思的诗风在西晋文坛上独树一帜，称之为“左思风力”，前人对此有较多地论述，然而就诗风形成的原因却缺乏深入地探究。本文试图从社会时代背景、家庭因素、性格特征三个方面对此加以分析，旨在能够更好地把握左思其人及其诗风。     

赫胥黎的完全人教育论

本文较系统地介绍和分析了赫胥黎关于完全人的教育理论 ,认为赫氏的完全人理论的核心就是强调科学教育与人文教育的结合 ,从而达到科学精神与人文精神在个体心灵上的融合。文章的最后分析了赫胥黎培养完全人的方法 ,这对于今天我国的高等学校的教学改革具有重要的启发意义