价值观教育:问题与对策

价值观是指主体按照客观事物对其自身及社会的意义或重要性进行评价和选择的原则、信念和标准。以教与学为活动形式,有目的、有意识地促进个体价值观发展的实践活动就是价值观教育。当前价值观教育存在的问题主要是:教育者时常戴着面具训导学习者;知性色彩浓厚、人文性缺失在很大程度上加剧了价值观教育的困窘乏力;学校价值观教育在方法与内容上有错位之弊;家庭与学校在价值观教育上未能拧成一股绳。价值观教育的对策是:转变教育者的角色——由主宰者变为"平等中的首席";倡导走向人本与体验的价值观教育;不断完善价值观教育的方法与内容;加强家校协作。     

Gender,Occupation, and Promotion to Management in the Nonprofit Sector

Although one can assume the work values within nonprofit organizations promote gender equality in promotion decisions, there is preliminary evidence that in the nonprofit sector women are underrepresented in higher management positions. Whereas the mechanisms resulting in underrepresentation of women in management have been studied extensively in for‐profit organizations, little is known about these mechanisms in nonprofit organizations. Is gender in nonprofit organizations—even given the underlying values of these organizations—an impediment to attaining a management position? This article presents a case study of employment patterns within the Dutch section of the humanitarian INGO Médecins Sans Frontières and focuses particularly on the effects of gender and occupation on transitions to management. The case study organization represents a “critical case” because the nature of this organization's work environment can be expected to result in a relatively high percentage of women in management. Employee records (N = 2,247) were analyzed using event history models. We found that women made the transition to management less rapidly than men, even when controlling for factors like age, previous work experience, and nationality. However, gender differences were completely explained by occupation. Those employees in female‐dominated occupations (in this case, medical personnel such as nurses) had a lower promotion‐to‐management rate than those in male‐dominated occupations (in this case, nonmedical personnel such as financial officers), irrespective of their gender. This case study highlights the importance to nonprofit management research of studying the effects of occupational sex segregation on promotion.     

Estimation of Deprivation Level Functions using a Numerical Rating Scale

Evaluating and quantifying human suffering in humanitarian operations offers an innovative and potentially powerful way to assess the performance of humanitarian logistics (HL) and help build optimization models. Previous studies have suggested deprivation cost as a metric and have estimated deprivation cost functions for water using willingness‐to‐pay. Our study proposes deprivation levels, defined as the degree of human suffering caused by lack of access to a good or service, and estimates deprivation level functions using a numerical rating scale. Analyzing data collected from respondents with and without disaster experience, we find that individuals in the latter category estimate deprivation differently from the beneficiaries of disaster relief. Our study demonstrates that deprivation levels can be expressed as logistic growth functions with a typical S‐shape, and that these can be integrated into HL optimization models to better account for human suffering.     

The Role of Media Exposure on Coordination in the Humanitarian Setting

Despite high demand and resource limitations, humanitarian organizations (HOs) typically do not share resources and/or coordinate in the field. While coordination enhances operational performance and saves costs, the general perception is that it dilutes the media attention that individual organizations might receive, and negatively influences their future donation income. In this study, we empirically unveil the impact of media exposure and operational performance on the donations obtained by HOs. Then, based on the empirical results, we develop a stylized model to characterize the structure of preferred coordination policies with respect to an organization's funding source and main mandate. Our findings shed light on the incentives and dynamics that drive behaviors in humanitarian operations and provide insights for policy makers on designing and implementing mechanisms that encourage humanitarian coordination.     

Affective capitalism,humanitarianism and extractivism in Colombia: old and new borders for future times

Contemporary Colombian conjuncture encompasses two dynamics. These incorporate social, economic, political and cultural aspects, whose related rationalities are yet to be mapped out and understood in their complex and multi-layered dimensions and registers. On the one hand, as I will explain throughout the text, we have been witness to on-going peace talks between the government and the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia guerrilla group, a whole set of practices of forgiveness, inaugurations of memory museums, the passing of the victims and land restitution law, as well as the recognition of victims and the effervescence of their movements and organizations. These factors have spiralled victims’ demonstrations and fuelled marches all over the country. On the other hand, there are increased rates of foreign investment in those regions that, until as little as a decade ago, were subject to appalling rates of internal displacement, massacres and disappearances, and which now constitute new borders where global capitalism has been able to reconfigure and increase its rates of capital accumulation. In this article, I analyse the processes referred to above and their complex relationships from the vantage point of a cultural studies interrogation of the affective and the popular, focusing on two Colombian regions: Montes de María and Mapiripán. My goal is to understand how different groups and actors are experiencing these processes in their everyday lives. Here, I include victims and their organizations but also government officials and entrepreneurs related to agro-industry initiatives – mentioned below – today refashioned within the new mantra of corporate responsibility. I want to understand the issue of where people are located and what they are doing, facing, consuming, or resisting in terms of these new challenges. Finally, I wish to offer an analytical study that can capture the everyday textures of these processes in a complex and concrete fashion.     

关于贪污贿赂犯罪配以死刑的立法思考

长期以来,我国对贪污贿赂犯罪的打击力度一直过于强硬,现行刑法将贪污贿赂犯罪视为最为严重的犯罪之一,配刑制度坚持了"重刑重罚"的原则,最高刑配置死刑。但从刑法法益角度来看,更希求于刑法对生命价值的保护,而不是对生命权的限制。因此,在法制全球化的过程中,为应合我国限制对死刑权的扩展,就应该反思目前刑法对贪污贿赂犯罪配置死刑的制度。     

国际人道法研究的新成果——《习惯国际人道法》

习惯作为国际人道法的主要渊源之一,是国家行为的准则和司法机构判案的依据。红十字国际委员会的研究报告——《习惯国际人道法》对这一渊源进行了全面研究和系统归纳,是该领域研究的一项重要成果。但就性质而言,它属学术成果,不具法律拘束力。研究报告试图建立一套对任何类型武装冲突均适用的习惯国际人道法规则的意图是不现实的;它在确立某些习惯法规则时论证不够充分;对国际人权法判例的运用也并不总是恰如其分。     

马克思与历史想象:人道主义、审美和实践

马克思的历史理论包含历史想象,没有历史想象就没有马克思的历史理论。马克思的历史想象是立足人道主义,包含审美因素,诉诸实践的。历史想象、人道主义、审美和实践在马克思的历史理论中融为一体。马克思的历史理论是诗性预构与理性阐释的成功结合。     

伦理建构与神性启示--论十九世纪西方文学中基督教人道主义的内涵

在19世纪西方的现实主义文学中,除了存在世俗人道主义外,还存在基督教人道主义精神,即以上帝的名义对人类进行关爱.而基督教人道主义又包括伦理建构和神性启示两种内涵.其共同之处在于都是以上帝的名义关怀人,以促进道德完善为己任.而区别在于前者只是一种道德理想主义,而后者所体现的爱不是一种形而上学的伦理学建构,而是源于人悲剧性处境的先验设定和人有限性的体现的一种神性启示,它所追求的目标是具有生存价值论意义的人性提升与超越.     

从人道主义精神看“安乐死”

本文作者从人道主义精神及儒家的生死价值观的角度,讨论“安乐死”所涉及的伦理问题,首先对“安乐死”的定义、词汇作一陈述,其次讨论“安乐死”牵涉的人道主义问题,最后引用儒家的经典,证明“安乐死”是符合儒家生死价值观的思想。