Origins and destinies: Immigration to the United States since World War II

Contemporary immigration to the United States and the formation of new ethnic groups are the complex and unintended social consequences of the expansion of the nation to its post-World War II position of global hegemony. Immigrant communities in the United States today are related to a history of American military, political, economic, and cultural involvement and intervention in the sending countries, especially in Asia and the Caribbean Basin, and to the linkages that are formed in the process that open a variety of legal and illegal migration pathways. The 19.8 million foreign-born persons counted in the 1990 U.S. census formed the largest immigrant population in the world, though in relative terms, only 7.9% of the U.S. population was foreign-born, a lower proportion than earlier in this century. Today's immigrants are extraordinarily diverse, a reflection of polar-opposite types of migrations embedded in very different historical and structural contexts. Also, unlike the expanding economy that absorbed earlier flows from Europe, since the 1970s new immigrants have entered an hourglass economy with reduced opportunities for social mobility, particularly among the less educated, and new waves of refugees have entered a welfare state with expanded opportunities for public assistance. This paper seeks to make sense of the new diversity. A typology of contemporary immigrants is presented, and their patterns of settlement, their distinctive social and economic characteristics compared to major native-born racial-ethnic groups, and their different modes of incorporation in—and consequences for—American society are considered.     

哈尔滨:近代东亚犹太人最大的活动中心

:在近代 ,哈尔滨曾是东亚犹太人最大的聚居中心和宗教精神中心。犹太人在哈尔滨进行政治、宗教、经济和文化活动 ,对哈尔滨的经济繁荣、城市建设曾起过重要作用。目前在哈尔滨仍保存着一批犹太人档案、历史文献、建筑遗址及东亚最大的犹太墓地。保护和利用这一文化遗产 ,深入研究哈尔滨犹太人史和散居于世界各地的哈尔滨犹太人及其后裔的生活状况 ,有利于加强中国与以色列、中国与世界各国的犹太人的文化交流与经贸合作     

移民的陌生人意象:三个社会学传统

三个重要的社会学家齐美尔、舒茨和鲍曼先后以"陌生人"为核心概念建构讨论了这一群体,阐释"陌生人"的产生机制、表现形态、当地社会的反应及由此带来的困扰,这无疑为移民研究提供了新的理论视角。而这样的理论传统是以往的移民研究所忽视的,这在一定程度上导致移民研究缺乏更为一般意义上的理论思考,缺乏对流动性这一重大社会理论议题的回应,正是在这个意义上,重新审视这样的传统是有意义的。本文的目的是对三位社会学家关于"陌生人"的论断进行评述并检视这样的论述与中国移民研究的相关性。     

Predictive factors of acculturation attitudes and social support among Asian immigrants in the USA

This study examines acculturation attitude and its relation to social support among Asian immigrants. The data were collected from 242 Korean, Indian and Filipino immigrants in the USA using the Acculturation Attitude Scale and the Social Support Index. Findings showed that Koreans had a less positive attitude toward acculturation than did Indian and Filipino participants. Acculturation attitude was positively correlated with educational level and English fluency. This study also found a negative correlation between acculturation attitude and social support. Social support from friends and English fluency were identified as significant predictor variables in determining the level of acculturation attitude. These findings not only contribute to social work education and practice, but also increase cultural sensitivity and awareness in working with these populations.     

Parental stress and parenting in Chinese immigrant families: The mediating role of social support

As the population of Chinese immigrants has been growing rapidly in the United States, it has been understudied on the parenting behaviours as well as the roles parental stress and social support playing in parenting in this group. This study investigated whether parental stress was associated with parenting and whether this relationship was mediated by social support in a sample of 255 Chinese immigrant parents from the Survey of Asian American Families in New York City. Regression analyses with a rich array of control variables found that a higher level of parental stress and the presence of one or more stressors such as unemployment, low income, and low education were positively associated with the use of harsh discipline and parent–child conflicts and negatively associated with positive parenting practices. Social support functioned as a significant mediator in the relationships between parental stress and positive parenting practices but not in the relationships of parental stress with parent–child conflict or the use of harsh discipline.     

English proficiency in Australia, 1981 to 2016

Using Australian census data, the paper examines the incidence of poor English competency in Australia from 1981 onwards. The paper examines English competency in relation to various characteristics such as sex, age, language spoken, visa type, citizenship, duration of residence and location. It finds that there was a sharp rise in the numbers of people not speaking English well between the 2011 and 2016 Censuses and special attention is given to this rise in the paper. Recently, the Australian Government unsuccessfully legislated for the introduction of a requirement of English competency at the level of IELTS 6 (the commonly used university entrance level) as a condition for the award of Australian citizenship. The paper argues that this test would have led to a very large number of disenfranchised Australian permanent residents and this would be a highly undesirable result. Nevertheless, employment and social participation are strongly influenced by English competency and residents with poor English are disadvantaged. The policy suggestion is made that participation in a course of English language training for those without functional English skills could be made a precondition of the award of permanent residence—without the application of a passing grade.     

酒乡酒香 移民情长——浅析陆大献新作《酒乡》对三峡移民文化的重塑

陆大献先生的新作《酒乡》,通过描写三峡库区移民村寨在重建过程中的一系列矛盾纠葛,表现了移民的彷徨心态及其逐步向着积极方向转变的过程,同时对三峡移民文化给予了内涵的丰富和品格的重塑。     

从自然、社会和人的关系看毛泽东诗词的崇高美

毛泽东诗词描绘了祖国壮丽的河山,但他往往从社会、历史的高度出发,充满哲理性的沉思和奇异的想象,对人生的思考充满睿智,具有诗化哲学的特点。文章从自然、历史和人的关系上探讨了毛泽东诗词的崇高美。     

建立移民社会保障制度的可行性研究

针对非自愿移民而设计的社会保障制度是保障移民生活、保证移民目标实现的重要机制。以湖南省华容县为个案,深入分析建立移民社会保障制度的必要性和运行机制,并提出了一些制度构建和运行的看法。     

胶东方言音韵结构特征与地理、政区和移民关系

胶东方言的音韵结构与自然地理和人文地理之间有着密不可分的关系。半岛地域几近封闭,很少受第二方言的接触感染和冲击,其方言内部结构特征一致性强。方言间的主要差异与古代政区的划界相吻合,而来自不同方言区的驻军世代定居隶籍胶东,对胶东方言的发展产生了独特的影响。