Examining the Gray Zones in Guardianship and Involuntary Protective Services Laws

ABSTRACT

Multidisciplinary focus groups were convened in three geographically diverse areas of Ohio to compare the application of guardianship and adult protective services interventions in the lives of vulnerable adults. The results suggest that there is general agreement in understanding the concepts of “incapacity” and “incompetence.” Professional differences in value orientation were found that may affect how these concepts are applied in given cases. Regional differences in modes of assessment, resource availability, and intervention style were found. A decision-making grid is presented to assist in the examination when one or both forms of involuntary intervention are appropriate.     

论胡适柔弱不争的自由思想

柔弱不争是胡适自由思想的重要因子。胡适深受老子“弱之胜强,弱之胜刚”的思想影响,并缘此而接受了基督教及当时一些人道主义的不抵抗思想。胡适运用柔弱不争的自由思想观察中日关系,在“二十一条”危机和“九一八”事变前期主张对日示弱,反对与日本作战,要以不争为争。胡适柔弱不争的自由思想在现实中的表现是处处示人以柔弱不争,藏起全部锋芒,广交朋友,各式朋友遍天下。胡适形成这种柔弱不争的自由思想,还是特殊的家庭教养的结果。     

《孽海花》中晚清政府腐败无能之内因浅析

《孽海花》历来被公认为是晚清四大谴责小说中最有价值的一部。小说在表现中国近代社会“文化的推移”、“政治的变动”中，都不同程度地隐含了对于晚清政府腐败无能的不满与揭露。试图从封建专制制度的腐朽、官员的昏庸无能、上流士绅的风尚三方面来分析晚清政府腐败无能的内在原因。     

Is it time sociology started researching incompetence?

There appears to be a mismatch between apparent incompetence in the world and the amount of sociological research it attracts. The aim of this article is to outline a sociology of incompetence and justify its value. I begin by defining incompetence as unsatisfactory performance relative to standards. Incompetence is thus intrinsically sociological in being negotiated and socially (re)constituted. The next section foregrounds how widespread and serious incompetence is. This renders effective sociological understanding crucial to welfare. The article then systematically analyses uses of the term in the British Journal of Sociology (a good quality general journal) to assess the current state of research. This analysis fully confirms the neglect of incompetence as a research topic. The next section proposes suitable methods for preliminary incompetence research addressing distinctive challenges like the stigma of being incompetent. These sections then allow incompetence to be better contextualised by other contributing concepts like power, bureaucracy and meritocracy. The final section justifies suggestions about directions for future research.     

水德--老子的人生哲学

通过水性和人性的结合,论述老子对人生价值哲学的追求,通过对水的不争、柔弱、处下、虚静和胸襟博大之美德的描写,对塑造现代人格提供了借鉴和启迪。