Social Networks Derived from Affiliations and Friendships, Multi-informant and Self-reports: Stability, Concordance, Placement of Aggressive and Unpopular Children, and Centrality

This study compares three variations in how researchers construct middle childhood social networks: (1) with friendships or affiliations as a relational tie; (2) with children providing self reports of relationships, or in addition, multi-informant reports of relationships in which they are not involved; and (3) whether network computation is correlational or distance-based . The sample was 357 fourth- and fifth-grade students in 17 classrooms. The strongest differences were between self-reported friendship and affiliative networks. Results showed that compared with affiliations, friendship networks had smaller groups, more isolates, and lower fall-to-spring stability. Agreement in social placement between friendship and affiliative networks was generally average, but poor for unpopular and aggressive children. Multi-informant affiliative networks were most robust in their positioning of aggressive children. Multi-informant centrality was uniquely uncorrelated with aggression. Network computation differences were not substantial. Discussion focuses on recommendations for research and the educational promise of network technology.     

论民事执行中的举报人

民事执行中的举报人在立法和学理上研究较少,因其与被执行人财产的查明关系密切而具有重要的作用。构建举报人制度不但要明确其立法地位,举报的对象和适用范围,举报人加入到强制执行中的方式,还要明确悬赏公告的发布程序和内容,需谨慎设计举报人的权利和义务等各方面程序上的内容。     

浅谈媒体公信力与线人制度的构建--美国"深喉"事件及"亵渎《古兰经》"事件对中国媒体的启示

在媒体市场化、信息商品化、线人职业化的今天,中国媒体因缺少匿名消息源的使用规范和新闻线人的保护制度,导致新闻线人在身份界定、收入报酬、安全保障等方面存在着很多问题,本文以美国"亵渎<古兰经>事件"和隐匿33年的"深喉"露面事件为切入点,对中国线人类别进行界定,以便明确不同类别线人所应承担的责任,提出媒体保障线人正当权益的一些途径和方法.     

The Effects of Attendance-Contingent Feedback and Praise on Attendance and Work Efficiency

Absenteeism continues to be a major problem for large segments of business and industry. Operant procedures have been used successfully to correct this problem, but most programs have used various forms of monetary reinforces. Applied research also has yet to examine the relationship between attendance and employee productivity. The present research uses feedback and social reinforcement to improve attendance, and examines attendance levels as they relate to worker efficiency. The findings of this study suggest that although there might be a slight increase in individual efficiency when absenteeism decreases, the relation between attendance and worker efficiency is not simple.     

基于信息提供者服装特征的幼儿职业启蒙教育

通过职业服装了解职业身份特点,接触相关的职业知识,是逐步形成职业意识、进行职业启蒙的一种初始途径。研究选取南昌市某幼儿园60名3-5岁幼儿,采用选择性信任中的物品命名实验范式,探讨幼儿是否依据信息提供者的服装特征进行选择性学习,并由此分析幼儿目前的职业启蒙情况。研究发现幼儿的反应和学习状态反映出对职业服装的倾向性,一定程度上影响其认知判断,并建议教育者应树立起正确的职业启蒙教育观念,有效利用幼儿在社会学习中对信息提供者服装的关注,引导其职业意识发展。     

Toward Health Reform for Seniors in Bermuda: Historical Constraints on Political Possibilities

In 2009, as the United States moved toward health care reform, the government of Bermuda implemented its FutureCare program to make health care for seniors more affordable. This article investigates how preferences for reform and its eventual design were shaped by the country's social history and commitment to free market values. Data derive from 36 in-depth interviews with key stakeholders deemed knowledgeable about health care financing and delivery in Bermuda, including government officials, provider representatives, insurance executives, and consumer advocates. Data also derive from a variety of documentary sources. Results indicate that although a clear need for health care and the ability to finance it for seniors exists in Bermuda, the scope of reform was circumscribed by preferences for prior policy decisions, creating a favorable tax and business environment for international corporations and a minimalist social welfare state for addressing racial and economic inequality. This suggests that widespread agreement on the challenges in meeting the health and long-term care needs of the elderly does not necessarily lead to equally commensurable solutions to addressing it.     

美国线人制度：运用与规制的双重分析

在美国,线人有不同的界定与分类,线人使用的法律依据有成文法、判例法与内部规范,线人的物建、线人的使用与管理、线人使用情况通报和线人的停止使用等,都由司法部的内部规范加以规定,成文法较少提及,判例法主要涉及线人使用中的法律问题。在美国的侦查实践中,线人作用虽然十分重要,但线人的使用也存在着巨大风险,还需要解决线人身份保密和证据合理性等一系列的证据运用问题。