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1.
Sarah Long 《Disability & Society》2015,30(7):1118-1122
The week beginning 29 June 2015 is not just historic for the closure of the Independent Living Fund in the United Kingdom, but for me was the week they decided that my life is not worth investing in; they being NHS England, NICE and, with them, the Department of Health. They chose not to support the enzyme replacement therapy that has been not only keeping me alive, but giving me a quality of life – enabling me to return to finish my Disability Studies PhD exploring how Christian leaders explain disability, where ethics have become the main topic, and to rebuild my career – or so I thought. 相似文献
2.
黄海 《吉首大学学报(社会科学版)》2020,41(1):1-7
中国特色社会主义制度是立足世情、国情、民情和党情建立起来的制度体系。从历史选择到制度实践构成了我们在新时代夯实制度自信的基本依据;从共同富裕到人的全面发展彰显了制度自信特有的价值意蕴。站在新的发展阶段,既需要大胆借鉴古今中外制度建设的有益成果,又务必坚持在实践基础上以理论创新推动制度创新,以制度借鉴、制度实践和制度创新进一步坚定制度自信。 相似文献
3.
陈旭东 《吉首大学学报(社会科学版)》2020,41(3):77-86
民族自治地方政府在新一轮机构改革中进行了历史性变革和系统性重塑,然而顶层设计与分层对接机制优化、机构设置细化与整合、运转协同和效能提升仍未完全到位。回溯机构改革史,中华人民共和国成立初期作为政府顶层设计和系统性构建阶段,是民族自治地方政府机构建设最富成效的历史时期之一。这一时期的民族自治地方政府机构建设强调权能配置和人员构成的民族性,逐步差异化设置机构、探索单一制下政府机构平衡设置等历史经验,可以为进一步深化政府机构改革提供有益借鉴。在新的历史起点上深化民族自治地方政府机构改革应以新时代中国特色社会主义思想为引领,合理汲取历史养分,进一步深化理论研究,完善法制体系,明晰特殊性职权和民族性职能,健全顶层设计与分层对接机制,创新改革模式,强化地方参与性,切实破解改革难题,推动政府自身建设持续走向深入。 相似文献
4.
Integrating Operational and Organizational Aspects in Interdependent Infrastructure Network Recovery
Camilo Gomez Andrs D. Gonzlez Hiba Baroud Claudia D. Bedoya‐Motta 《Risk analysis》2019,39(9):1913-1929
Managing risk in infrastructure systems implies dealing with interdependent physical networks and their relationships with the natural and societal contexts. Computational tools are often used to support operational decisions aimed at improving resilience, whereas economics‐related tools tend to be used to address broader societal and policy issues in infrastructure management. We propose an optimization‐based framework for infrastructure resilience analysis that incorporates organizational and socioeconomic aspects into operational problems, allowing to understand relationships between decisions at the policy level (e.g., regulation) and the technical level (e.g., optimal infrastructure restoration). We focus on three issues that arise when integrating such levels. First, optimal restoration strategies driven by financial and operational factors evolve differently compared to those driven by socioeconomic and humanitarian factors. Second, regulatory aspects have a significant impact on recovery dynamics (e.g., effective recovery is most challenging in societies with weak institutions and regulation, where individual interests may compromise societal well‐being). And third, the decision space (i.e., available actions) in postdisaster phases is strongly determined by predisaster decisions (e.g., resource allocation). The proposed optimization framework addresses these issues by using: (1) parametric analyses to test the influence of operational and socioeconomic factors on optimization outcomes, (2) regulatory constraints to model and assess the cost and benefit (for a variety of actors) of enforcing specific policy‐related conditions for the recovery process, and (3) sensitivity analyses to capture the effect of predisaster decisions on recovery. We illustrate our methodology with an example regarding the recovery of interdependent water, power, and gas networks in Shelby County, TN (USA), with exposure to natural hazards. 相似文献
5.
以风险理论审视非物质文化遗产的现行法律制度,根据风险产生根源不同,非物质文化遗产保护的制度风险会表现为制度运转失灵风险、制度功能偏差风险和公平性缺失风险。化解制度风险,形成制度风险的维度,不可基于同一个标准,而是需要在大的框架之下论及制度风险的法律管控,需要有针对性地创构"建立私权,善用公权"的多元法律控制体系,并在体系内引入技术规制,创设"非物质文化遗产权",推动民间习惯法与法律制度、公法与私法的互动式发展。 相似文献
6.
Sampo Varjonen 《International Journal of Social Welfare》2020,29(1):62-70
Historical institutionalist studies have explained institutional change as resulting from critical junctures that interrupt long periods of stability or from endogenous, incremental evolution. Building on these theories, discursive institutionalists have focused on the roles of agency, ideas and discourse as explainers of change. Combining these approaches, this article analyses Finland’s decision in 2014 to transfer the administration of basic social assistance from municipalities to the central government. This study demonstrates that institutional change can be both abrupt and evolutionary. Due to sudden, exceptional political circumstances, the decision in question was made quickly and under pressure, circumventing possible veto players. However, it was possible only because of the incremental, endogenous change that had occurred in the way in which social assistance was administered at the municipal level. It enabled a change in political discourse, which eroded the credibility of the ideational frames that policy actors had previously utilised to reject the centralised model. 相似文献
7.
制度创新与人的全面发展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
制度创新是人的全面发展的基本途径。从人的全面发展的视角看问题,适合于中国社会的理想制度模式应当是形式化、程序性、民主优先于自由、有利于杰出人才涌现、以人为本的非人格化制度。这种制度的创新,需要我们设定正确的制度创新理念,培养人们的创新精神和创新意识,积极探索制度创新的规律性,完备制度创新的实施技术。 相似文献
8.
OLIVIER CAPPÉ RANDAL DOUC ERIC MOULINES & CHRISTIAN ROBERT 《Scandinavian Journal of Statistics》2002,29(4):615-635
While much used in practice, latent variable models raise challenging estimation problems due to the intractability of their likelihood. Monte Carlo maximum likelihood (MCML), as proposed by Geyer & Thompson (1992 ), is a simulation-based approach to maximum likelihood approximation applicable to general latent variable models. MCML can be described as an importance sampling method in which the likelihood ratio is approximated by Monte Carlo averages of importance ratios simulated from the complete data model corresponding to an arbitrary value of the unknown parameter. This paper studies the asymptotic (in the number of observations) performance of the MCML method in the case of latent variable models with independent observations. This is in contrast with previous works on the same topic which only considered conditional convergence to the maximum likelihood estimator, for a fixed set of observations. A first important result is that when is fixed, the MCML method can only be consistent if the number of simulations grows exponentially fast with the number of observations. If on the other hand, is obtained from a consistent sequence of estimates of the unknown parameter, then the requirements on the number of simulations are shown to be much weaker. 相似文献
9.
韩立军 《内蒙古工业大学学报》2002,21(1):50-52
本文给出一类非均匀弦的横向振动的最佳控制,推广了P C Park的结果。这一结果同样适用于同类型振动问题。 相似文献
10.
李群 《南京大学学报(哲学.人文科学.社会科学 )》2002,39(1)
各国开展对外贸易是为了能充分、有效配置国内外资源 ,并从中获得最大利益 ,但在追求最大利益的过程中 ,各国所采取的贸易政策都不尽相同。这些不同的贸易政策大体分为自由贸易与保护贸易两类。 2 0世纪 80年代初 ,一种既不同于自由贸易 ,也不同于保护贸易 ,但又兼有两者特点的新型的贸易制度开始出现 ,这便是“管理贸易”。管理贸易是自由贸易与保护贸易博弈的结果 ,是各国在无法达到最佳目标模式时所能选择的次佳目标模式 ,其本质是有组织的自由和协调的保护。一些西方国家先后采取管理贸易并获得了有效的实践效果。我国应正视这一新情况、新趋势进行贸易制度变迁与创新———实行偏保护的管理贸易政策 相似文献