合作处理中的团队透明性

对合作处理中的一些基本概念给出了明确的定义，并提出了一个有用的合作团队的模型。模型中的团队代理是实现透明性的依托，在此对其特性、行为及其构造作了描述。把合作团队的透明性分解为环境透明和编程透明，并给出两种进明性在ＯＳＥｗａｒｅ中的实现方法。     

IDPT──一个可互操作的数据库平台

构造可互操作的数据库平台，是目前在计算机网络环境下实现异种数据库互操作性的一种有效途径。数据库互操作性必须提供对远程数据库资源的透明访问，并隐藏异种数据库系统间的差异。按照这样的原则，提出一种基于客户／服务器体系结构来实现可互操作数据库平台的方案。该方案首次将ＯＤＰ的交易技术引入到数据库互操作性的实现中，较好地解决了透明性和可扩展性的问题。文中将主要介绍ＩＤＰＴ的体系结构、交易器的功能、上下文空间及服务代理。     

Performance Effects Related to the Sequence of Integration of Healthcare Technologies

There is a natural order to most events in life: Everything from learning to read to DNA sequences in molecular biology follows some predetermined, structured methodology that has been refined to yield improved results. Likewise, it would seem that firms could benefit by adopting and implementing technologies in some logical way so as to increase their overall performance. In this study of 555 hospitals, we investigate the order in which medical technologies are transformed into information technologies through a process of converting them from stand‐alone technologies to interoperable, integrated information systems and whether certain configurations of sequences of integration yield additional value. We find that sequence does matter and that hospitals that integrated foundational technologies first—which in this case are known to be more complex—tend to perform better. Theoretical and practical implications of this finding and others are discussed.     

现代德育过程浅议

现代德育过程是对学习主体道德自主建构的帮助过程。为了更好地适应现代社会的发展需要,现代德育应高度重视德育过程的主体参与性、实践操作性、环境影响性和自我欣赏性。     

论企业社会责任"三进"

随着我国经济社会的快速发展,企业社会责任问题日益凸显。针对当前我国企业社会责任落后的局面,积极促进企业社会责任进教材、进课堂、进头脑尤为必要;并且在我国当前条件下,推行企业社会责任“三进”也具有现实操作性。     

A standard-based business repository for on-demand manufacturing execution systems

In manufacturing execution system (MES) projects, knowledge is heterogeneous and is applied partially in each software package. Consistency is therefore critical. Some standard business reference models exist, such as the IEC/ISO 62264 standard for MESs (also known as ISA S95), or the Supply Chain Operations Reference model for supply chain planning (SCP) and execution (SCE). These reference models have some overlaps. For example, traceability is part of both MES and SCE packages. A consortium of manufacturing software editors for industry has launched an ‘MES on demand’ platform using services from different packages. This paper presents the enriched business repository model built to facilitate business heterogeneity. It is used to align different business repositories (B–B alignment) and different business and software packages (B–S alignment). It likewise serves to align customer requirements with the repository (B–C alignment). The consortium platform is then ‘S95 compliant’ when knowledge supported by the different actors is included.     

The Evolution of Worker Connect: A Case Study of a System of Systems

We discuss the rationale, development, deployment, and evolution of Worker Connect, a federation of agency systems that is used by authorized health and human services workers in New York City. We show how Worker Connect evolved with HHS-Connect, the organization that enables the integration and synergy of interagency health and human services systems. We show how the system of systems framework provides a way to understand issues encountered and lessons learned in developing and deploying Worker Connect and similar interagency human services systems. The first part of this article provides a history of the Worker Connect project in the context of a case study on achieving interoperability. The second part of this article introduces the framework of system of systems, and describes Worker Connect and HHS-Connect within this framework. The third part of the article describes future work, and offers some lessons for others wanting to implement a system of systems project for human services.     

Information models: a precursor to software interoperability

This paper aims at investigating a new methodology to evaluate supply chain integration by applying the fuzzy sets theory. Fuzzy sets proved successful in environments similar to supply chain management in that they help to formalise human reasoning patterns and to develop high-performance expert systems in contexts where data are affected by uncertainty and/or vagueness: e.g. fuzzy sets have been already used in inventory planning, to improve organisational effectiveness, to perform suppliers’ evaluation etc. In particular, the study presented here deals with the ways to measure and achieve supply chain integration and it mainly focuses on the external integration (i.e. on the ability to leverage partnerships within the chain), clustered in two areas, i.e. the network design and the management policies. The new methodology has been applied to a case study which consists of a 3-stage supply chain belonging to the beauty and personal care industry. Results of the case-study indicate that the companies still have important edges for improvement towards a complete integration of their supply processes. In particular, the considered supply chain should prioritise the integration of technology-driven investments and in the distribution area.     

Creative Destruction and Globalization: The Rise of Massive Standardized Education Platforms

This paper describes how massive standardized education platforms have emerged as a result of globalization and the process of creative destruction. In education, creative destruction involves the initial development of a large number of educational standards, followed by cycles of the destruction of old standards and the creation of new ones. This leads to the narrowing and refinement of the standards until the key element of interoperability is achieved, thus allowing individuals or organizations to interact on a large scale. Examples are presented of standardized education platforms in the United States and globally.

While the objective and subjective knowledge systems are represented in the field of education, one danger is that standardized platforms may become homogenized around only the objective knowledge system, which seeks perfect efficiency. This may result in the exclusion of the subjective knowledge system, which argues that diversity and heterogeneity are needed to produce educational creativity and innovation. On the other hand, the platforms may be able to deliver much needed financial efficiency for K-12 public education systems, as well as providing a connection between the research data, which remains isolated in universities, and the practitioners in K-12 settings who need it.

Este artículo describe cómo las plataformas masivas de la estandarización de la educación ha surgido como resultado de la globalización y del proceso de una destrucción creativa. En la educación, la destrucción creativa implica el desarrollo inicial de un gran número de estándares educacionales seguido por ciclos de destrucción de estándares pasados y de la creación de los nuevos. Esto induce al estrechamiento y refinamiento de los estándares hasta que se alcanza el elemento clave de la interoperabilidad, y por lo tanto, permitiéndoles a los individuos u organizaciones que interactúen a una gran escala. Los ejemplos de plataformas de educación estandarizadas se presentan en los Estados Unidos y globalmente.

Mientras que los sistemas del conocimiento objetivo y subjetivo se presentan en el campo de la educación, uno de los peligros es que las plataformas estandarizadas puedan llegar a homogenizarse solamente alrededor del sistema de conocimiento objetivo, lo que busca una eficiencia perfecta. Esto puede resultar en una exclusión del sistema del conocimiento subjetivo, lo que sostiene que la diversidad y la heterogeneidad se necesitan para producir creatividad e innovación educacional. Por el otro lado, las plataformas pueden quizás proveer la eficiencia financiera necesaria para los sistemas de educación pública K-12, como también una conexión entre los datos de investigación que permanecen aislados en las universidades, y para los practicantes en los entornos de K-12 que la necesitan.

本文描述了作为全球化的结果和创造性毁灭过程的大规模的标准化的教育平台是怎样出现的。在教育领域,创造性毁灭涉及大量的教育标准的最初开发,然后伴随着旧的标准的毁灭和新的标准的建立的周期。这引致了标准的狭隘和精细,直到获取了互运性（interoperability）的关键元素为止,然后使个体或者组织大规模地互动。本文提供了一些美国和世界其它地方的标准化教育平台的案例。 在主观与客观两种知识系统在教育领域获得代表的同时,一个危险是,标准化的平台可能仅仅围绕着客观知识系统进行同质化,客观知识系统寻求完全的效率。这可能导致排除主观的知识系统。主观知识系统认为,为产生教育的创造性和创新,多样性和异质性是需要的。另一方面,平台可能为K-12公共教育系统提供十分需要的金融效率,以及提供仍然封闭在大学里的研究数据与需要这些数据的在K-12情景下的实干家之间的链接。

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Эта статья описывает появление массивных стандартизированных образовательных платформ в результате глобализации и процесса творческого разрушения. В сфере образования творческое разрушение предполагает инициацию разработки большого количества образовательных стандартов, с последующими циклами разрушения старых и создания новых. Пока ключевой элемент взаимодействия не будет достигнут, это приводит к сужению и уточнению стандартов, что позволяет отдельным лицам или организациям взаимодействовать в крупных масштабах. Приведены примеры стандартизированных образовательных платформ в Соединенных Штатах и ??во всем мире. В то время как в области образования представлены объективные и субъективные системы знаний, первейшей опасностью является то, что стандартизированные платформы могут гомогенизироваться только вокруг объективной системы знаний, которая стремится к идеальной эффективности. Это может привести к исключению субъективной системы знаний, которая утверждает, что разнообразие и неоднородность необходимы для создания творческого образовательного потенциала и инноваций. С другой стороны, платформы могут быть в состоянии обеспечить столь необходимую для системы общественного образования К-12 финансовую эффективность, а также связи между данным исследований, которые остаются изолированным в университетах, и практиками в настройках K-12, нуждающихся в этом.     

军民融合技术标准互操作性实施研究

首次运用资源依赖理论和互操作性理论,构建军民融合技术标准互操作性项目实施体系。从资源依赖理论角度,解决军工产业和民用产业之间为什么需要相互渗透和相互融合的理论依据问题;从互操作性理论角度,解决军工产业与民用产业之间怎样实现相互渗透、相互融合的理论依据问题。通过分析军民融合技术标准互操作性运行机理,提出军民融合技术标准互操作性的实施前提、实施过程和实施保障。同时建议成立国家标准化军民融合管理办公室及隶属于它的军民融合技术标准互操作性管理委员会,对项目实施进行统筹和监督。军民融合技术标准互操作性的实施可以使得军用技术和民用技术之间形成开放兼容、有机衔接的体系,实现军工企业和民用企业跨边界、多领域、高效益的技术协同和资源互用。