城市韧性与城市宜居性耦合协调研究——以长三角城市群为例

文章基于2010—2020年长三角城市群内26个城市的面板数据,结合长三角城市群城市韧性和宜居性发展现状,利用熵值法分别测算二者综合发展指数,在此基础上,进一步运用耦合协调模型进行定量分析。结果表明：长三角城市韧性与城市宜居性总体水平不断上升,相对而言,城市宜居性的发展水平要略高于城市韧性;两系统耦合协调指数较高,总体呈现出相对稳定的态势,区域内部上海耦合协调度保持在最高水平,协调城市类型主要以初级和中级协调为主;空间格局上耦合协调城市板块呈现出环绕式聚集分布。据此,提出通过加强韧性建设来提高城市抵御风险的能力、因地制宜以特色发展打造宜居韧性城市、城市转型实现长三角城市群协调发展等政策建议,进而推动长三角城市群整体综合发展能力,实现以点带面辐射整个城市群。     

Transforming the Way We Live Together: A Model to Move Communities From Policy to Implementation

Most cities, counties, and neighborhoods are not designed for an aging population. By providing a range of services to all residents, Lifelong Communities allow individuals to age in place. Although the Lifelong Communities Initiative is based on established guiding principles, little information exists regarding the realities of moving from policy to implementation. The Atlanta Regional Commission conducted a case study in Mableton, Georgia, and found successful implementation requires a combination of support from local citizen groups and government. The Atlanta Regional Commission is replicating these best practices in other communities and providing support to those aspiring to launch or expand Lifelong Communities.     

可持续的城市居住用地开发强度

在明确相关指标和基本依据的基础上,以天津市中心城区为例,分析居住用地开发强度的动态发展和空间分布,提出总体和分区容量控制建议;根据环境、经济、文化等因素,提出重点地段的开发强度策略;通过空间布局模拟、案例分析和横向比较,得出详细规划层面的指标取值范围。作者给出了2006-2020年天津市中心城区居住用地开发强度的控制原则和指标。     

基于国际比较的寒地老工业城市宜居性建设研究

东北地区是位于中国寒冷地区重要的老工业基地,美国中西部“冰雪带”地区也是气候寒冷的老工业地区。论文将对中国东北地区的寒地老工业城市与美国“冰雪带”寒地老工业城市进行研究,分析两个地区老工业城市发展的背景以及在宜居性建设中所面临的共性问题,包括经济实力下降影响建设资金投入,气候条件不利影响城市环境宜居性的提升以及工业污染影响城市生态环境的改善等。在此基础上得出国际视角下的寒地老工业城市宜居性建设的启示与对策,包括重视第三产业发展提升城市经济活力,发挥城市项目建设的触媒作用带动城市更新,加强公用设施建设提升城市环境的宜居性,促进多方合作推动城市环境的建设等。     

Households and Territory. The Location of the Population of Rome in Relation to Housing Supply Characteristics

This study forms part of a general programme of research aimed at evaluating the quality of life in Rome. In particular, we have wished to analyse the way in which housing quality, measured with indicators of housing structure and utilization, intersects with the quality of urban livability, measured here only with indicators of social background, homogeneity and hardship referring to subjects living in the individual segments of the city. Groups of territorial areas, homogeneous by housing typology, were identified using multivariate data analysis and it was thus shown how particular typologies of household respond to this supply. From this emerged a particular model of development of the city in concentric bands, within which the originally differentiated households have tended over time to assume homogeneous characteristics.     

Has Livability of Japan Gotten Better for 1956–1990?: a Dea Approach

This paper presents an approach for time-series livability assessment using DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), a mathematical programming technique for measuring the relative efficiency of DMUs (Decision Making Units) with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. Regarding each year as a separate DMU in DEA, and replacing the inputs and the outputs with negative and positive social indicators respectively, we evaluate Japan's livability for the period 1956–1990. Results of the analysis using eight social indicators identify 20 DEA livable years out of the 35 and find eight best-balanced years. It is concluded that DEA, which enables non-uniform, multi-dimensional and relative evaluation, can be a valuable analytic tool in quality-of-life research as well. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

养老地产空间宜居度研究——以武汉市为例

从老年人的群体特征和居住需求出发,结合宜居相关理论从医疗完备性、生活便利性、交通可达性、环境舒适性和环境健康性等五个方面构建了养老地产空间宜居度的评价指标体系,并以武汉市为例应用GIS分析工具对其城市内部不同空间养老地产的宜居度进行了综合分析与评价。结果表明：武汉市养老地产空间宜居度高的区域多位于城市中心区域,由城市中心向外呈现出一定的递减趋势。而武汉市现有养老地产项目选址大多数远离中心城区,空间宜居度较低,对老年人的居住和生活有不利的影响,其中医疗完备性和生活便利性这两个指标是制约养老地产宜居水平的主要原因。从评价结果来看,本文构建的指标体系较为合理,对武汉市养老地产的评价结果也与现实情况较为符合。研究可以为武汉市未来养老地产的空间规划提供科学参考,对于应对我国日益严重的老龄化问题也具有一定的实践意义。     

Determinants of happiness in Thailand: The moderating role of religiousness

This research investigates the influences of family satisfaction, health satisfaction, environmental livability, and neighbor relationship as determinants of happiness in Thailand. In this research, the moderating effects of religiousness in relation to the influences of different determinants of happiness are also investigated. The data were collected by telephone survey questionnaires developed by the Japan International Cooperation Agency. There were a total of 1,004 respondents. All research hypotheses were tested by means of hierarchical regression analysis, by which religiousness was tested as a moderating factor. The analysis results indicate that among all model variables, only family satisfaction, health satisfaction, and environmental livability positively affected happiness in Thailand. Additionally, the family satisfaction aspect played the most important role in predicting happiness. Moderator tests revealed that significant interaction effects existed only between religiousness and health satisfaction and between religiousness and environmental livability. Furthermore, in full regression analyses, only the moderating effect of religiousness on the relationship between environmental livability and happiness was negatively significant. Our results not only validate research findings in other countries but also verify the importance of family satisfaction, health satisfaction, environmental livability, and religiousness as important factors of happiness for public policy makers. Importantly, as an alternative explanation, our results suggest that religiousness can play an important role not only as a direct determinant of happiness but also as a moderator of determinants of happiness, especially in a Buddhist society such as Thailand.     

中新生态城大型住区居住舒适度的评价方法

中新生态城住区居住舒适度评价研究的目的是为了摆脱通常大型居住区设计过程中对居民真实需求考虑不足的窘境。居住舒适度就是居住区满足居民各种层次需求的水平以及居住区可持续发展的水平,它具有矛盾性、芜杂性和模糊性的特点。中新生态城居住舒适度评价体系通过引入多角度评价方法,揭示出居住舒适度各相关内容之间的联系与矛盾;通过采用“无纸化”自动评分表,使芜杂项目的统计处理变得更加高效;通过整合居住区各项建设的参考指标和相应的设计范例,使其成为控制性详细规划指标制定的参考性依据。     

文化资本：宜居城市建设的重要依托

社会的生活本体性规定了人类社会的发展应当以改善人的生活状态为目的。而人的文化性本质决定一切与人类生活相关的活动都离不开文化要素的支撑。那么对于＂宜居城市＂这一当前在我国备受关注的城市发展新目标而言,城市空间内的文化资本必然是影响城市宜居水平的一项重要因素。在剖析了生活本体这一基本事实的前提下,建立了宜居城市与城市文化资本的概念模型,并在区分大文化与小文化概念的基础上揭示了文化资本何以成为宜居城市建设的依托要素。