习近平建设海洋强国重要论述研究

习近平建设海洋强国重要论述经历了率先发出“向海进军”号召、明确提出海洋经济强省建设、庄严宣告海洋强国建设三个阶段。习近平建设海洋强国重要论述主要包括发展海洋经济、保护海洋环境、创新海洋科技、维护海洋权益等。习近平建设海洋强国重要论述具有三个鲜明的特点：在海洋强国建设“目的性”上做到了为国富强与为民谋利的统筹;在海洋强国建设“方法论”上做到了矛盾论和系统论等方法的统筹运用;在海洋强国建设“治理观”上实现了国际治理与国家治理的统筹。习近平建设海洋强国重要论述具有重要的区域意义——指导有关沿海省份创建海洋强省示范区、国家意义——强力推进海洋强国建设并取得了重大突破、世界意义——为全球海洋治理提供“中国方案”和“中国经验”。     

A Security Model and Legal Guarantee for Chinese Maritime Shipping: As Exemplified in the Response to Piracy along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road

The Belt and Road Initiative is an important decision for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Maritime security has a significant place in this process. In recent years, there have been frequent violent terrorist incidents at sea, including piracy, armed hijackings and terrorist attacks, posing a dire threat to both international and Chinese maritime transport interests and seriously challenging the fulfillment of the maritime part of the “Belt and Road Initiative.” Five direct measures can be taken to protect ocean shipping from violence at sea. One example is the defensive measures taken against the Somali pirates. The employment of armed guards from professional security companies on board ship is an effective model for guaranteeing maritime security; it not only meets the standards of international law, but is also legally permitted in many developed countries and regions, and is thus strategically significant for overall Chinese maritime security. In the Chinese context, this model carries its own legal risks. We should embrace a new approach to national security law, strengthen legal guarantees and make concerted efforts to provide warship (military aircraft) escorts to jointly build an optimum model of Chinese maritime security in order to ensure the realization of core Chinese maritime interests.     

An exercise in futurity: servitude as pathway to young Filipino men’s education- to-work transition

This article examines how young Filipino men looking to work in international seafaring deploy servitude as a means of attaining education-to-work transition. It focuses on those applying to work for free as ‘utility men’ (gofer or flunkey) in Manila’s manning and crewing agencies that supply seafarers to ship operators around the world in exchange for the promise of boarding a ship. Based on participant observation and life history interviews, the article accounts for how they transform their servitude into diskarte – strategy by which they navigate the limited employment opportunities in the Philippines – by constructing their ‘utility manning’ as an informal and negotiated pathway to employment. The young Filipino men’s seeking and enduring servitude, geared towards gleaning better social possibilities, becomes a profoundly rational act of investing in and securing their future.     

论主管机关的海难救助报酬请求权

主管机关成为《海商法》上的救助方,不存在法律上的障碍.在我国司法实践中已经出现承认主管机关救助报酬的背景下,结合我国救助费用面临巨大缺口的现实,应承认主管机关的海难救助报酬请求权.同时,鉴于主管机关主要由国家配备公务人员及设备,并由国家财政拨款建立和维持,在确定主管机关救助报酬的具体数额时,应将《海商法》第180条中的奖励性因素排除,主要考虑主管机关的成本费用支出.     

一起无单放货案例评析

随着国际贸易与航运的发展,记名提单无单放货的现象越来越普遍。有关记名提单是否要凭单交货在中国学术界一直存在争议,司法实践中法院基于不同观点作出不同判决。基于具体案例对记名提单无单放货的问题进行了分析,并提出了作者的观点。     

论质权的留置效力——兼论质权的效力体系

与抵押权的优先受偿这一单层效力结构不同,质权是以留置效力为根基的双层效力体系,它同时具有优先受偿和留置两大效力。留置效力由质权之现实支配性而生,优先受偿效力由质权之价值性而生,前者是后者的前提和保障。动产质权与权利质权都具有留置效力,其区别于同时履行抗辩与原始留置权,构成质权的特征效力。伴随质权留置效力而来的质权人孳息收取权、质物保管义务构成质权留置效力的附属效力。债务人或出质人提前清偿,可以消解质权的留置效力。     

论海事赔偿责任限制制度对内河运输船舶的适用

从比较法和法制史看,海事赔偿责任限制制度适用的船舶经历了从海船到内河船的扩张。我国《海商法》第11章依现行规定无法适用于内河船,但从应然角度讲,应当将其扩展适用于内河船,最便宜的做法是对相关规定进行目的性扩张解释。     

论船舶物权的法律适用

船舶物权法律适用规则有规定在《海商法》与《国际私法》中两种立法模式。船舶物权法律适用规则有的国家采取统一制,有的国家采取分割制。中国立法应当将船舶物权的法律适用规定在《涉外民事关系法律适用法》中,并修改现有立法的相关规定,对船舶所有权、船舶优先权、船舶抵押权、船舶留置权的法律适用作出新的规定。     

跨国海域海洋环境陆源污染防治的国际性法律框架

在20世纪60年代之前,人们对海洋环境并不太关注。随着海洋环境的不断恶化,人们逐渐认识到陆源污染对海洋环境、人类健康所带来的巨大负面影响。为了保护跨国海域的海洋环境免遭陆源污染,自际社会不断尝试借助立法对其加以规制,调整跨国海域海洋环境陆源污染的国际性法律框架因应而生。在跨国海域海洋环境陆源污染的国际性法律框架中,以《联合国海洋法公约》等为代表的国际法扮演了重要角色。     

海事英语语篇中名词化隐喻分析

以海事英语语篇为例探讨名词化隐喻在海事语篇中的特点、功能及其在语句与语篇中的实际运用,指出名词化是海事英语语篇中语法隐喻的主要来源,名词化隐喻在海事英语语篇中的分布具有其自身的特点,体现海事英语不同于其他语篇的文体特征,名词化结构是海事英语语篇的一个重要特征,其符合海事语篇对正式文体的行文要求。