Middle School Children's Perceptions on Welfare and Poverty: An Exploratory, Qualitative Study

This study was undertaken to determine how middle school children assess the effects of welfare reform on their daily lives. The study consisted of thirty interviews with children and their mothers recruited from a middle school in a large, metropolitan area. From the children's perspective, multiple jobs and evening/night hours interfered with the child-parent relationship. Other consequences included grades going down and not getting to school on time. All the children stated that mothers should work, but most children felt mothers should only work when their children are in school. Welfare and poverty were issues about which children were teased at school.     

Living Arrangements, Employment Status, and the Economic Well-Being of Mothers: Evidence from Brazil, Chile, and the U.S

Using data from Brazil, Chile, and the U.S., we estimate country specific models of household income that characterize mothers according to their marital status, living arrangement, and employment status. We assess the predicted economic well-being of each type of mother relative to a benchmark of married mothers in the same country, and at various points in the income distribution. We find dramatic cross-country differences in the distribution of mothers across categories, but few differences in each type's relative economic status. In all three countries and at all points in the income distribution, mothers who are the only adults in their households have the lowest levels of predicted income, while married mothers—followed closely by cohabitors—have the highest levels.     

尊重党员主体地位、保障党员民主权利与增进党内和谐

尊重党员主体地位和保障党员民主权利是增进党内和谐的基础和关键，是以党内和谐促社会和谐的根本要求，是科学发展观在党内和谐建设中的重要体现，也是检验以党内民主促进党内和谐的重要标准。因此，以尊重党员主体地位和保障党员民主权利实现党内和谐要着力提高党的领导干部的民主意识和民主素质，促进普通党员与党的领导干部之间的和谐；要着力保障党内选举的公信度，促进党组织活动与党的制度之间的和谐；要着力推进党务公开．促进党组织与党员之间的和谐；要着力提高党内监督的实效，维护党员与党组织之间的和谐；要着力建立和完善党内关爱机制，巩固和发展党组织与党员之间的扣谐。只有这样，才能更好地尊重党员主体地位。保障党员民主权利，实现党内和谐。     

对网络环境下高校德育双主体性的思考

信息技术的飞速发展 ,带来了全球信息资源不可逆转的网络化发展趋势 ,对高校德育工作提出了严峻挑战。在网络环境下 ,高校德育呈现双主体性特点 ,即教育者作为实施德育和组织德育活动的主体 ,大学生作为德育活动的主体。高校德育双主体性的凸现 ,要求高校德育转变德育观念 ,调整德育目标 ,创新德育方法     

马克思与后现代主义"颠覆主体性"之比较

马克思与后现代主义都对传统主体概念进行了颠覆。在马克思那里 ,主体不再指自我意识或自我 ,而是渗透了历史性原则 ,是创造和规定人及产物的历史过程 ;其客观上表现为一定的社会关系和社会形态 ,主观上表现为人的社会历史存在。而后现代主义则反对主客二分 ,反对人类中心主义 ,反对寻求同一性 ,反对普遍主义 ,把以认识主体为核心的反映论作为批判的目标。这是两种不同的颠覆方式 ,但都宣判了传统主体概念的死亡。     

试论现代性的哲学观念

现代性的哲学观念是指在近现代哲学中形成的成为整个社会经济、政治和文化现代性的思想基础的哲学精神和哲学意识。现代性最根本的哲学精神是理性意识 ,理性意识的目标和根本功能是达到合理性。近现代哲学在理性意识的指引下形成了三大现代性的哲学观念 :主体性观念、主体间性观念和历史性观念。在三者中 ,主体中心理性和主体间理性只有在历史理性的参与下才能达到其合理性。     

文学理论：从主体性到主体间性

西方现代哲学、美学发生了由主体性到主体间性的转向 ,而中国古代哲学、美学本来就是主体间性的。在 80年代确立了主体性后 ,新世纪的中国文学理论应当开始主体间性的拓展。主体间性文学理论突破了认识论的局限 ,不是把文学活动看作主体对客体的认识和征服 ,而是看作主体间的共在 ,是自我主体与世界主体间的对话、交往 ,是对自我与他人的认同 ,因而是自由的生存方式和对生存意义的体验     

African American Children's Adjustment: The Roles of Maternal and Teacher Depressive Symptoms

This study examined the unique and interactive roles of mother and teacher depressive symptoms in child adjustment in 277 African American single mother‐headed families, as well as whether the associations differed depending on the age and gender of the child. Findings revealed a significant association between maternal depressive symptoms and child depressive symptoms in girls, but not boys. Moreover, the combination of higher levels of both mother and teacher depressive symptoms was associated with the highest level of child depressive symptoms and, for younger children, externalizing symptoms. The importance of considering the multiple social contexts in which children interact is discussed.     

世界历史性的个人主体:当代教育的目的

当代教育的本质是主体性教育 ,它以弘扬人的主体性为要旨。但人类交往格局的变化 ,使这种具有主体性的人不是单子式的 ,而要走向世界历史性的存在。培养世界历史性的个人主体是教育目的的当代选择     

浅谈文学翻译中译者的主体性

文学翻译不可避免受到译者主体性的影响 ,本文从文学翻译中译者与原著、翻译过程、译著、译著读者以及审美活动等几个方面的关系探究译者的主体性