论张爱玲《传奇》中的母性批判

张爱玲的小说中出现的母亲大多是有悖于伦理常识的形象,她们构成张爱玲式的"巫母群像",这种母亲形象表现出张爱玲对传统母性观的批判。此倾向的形成,与张爱玲对其母亲的情绪记忆密切相关。同时,张爱玲对母性的批判也暗含着她对女性及人性层面的理性思考与感性期待。     

Informality,emotion and gendered career paths: The hidden toll of maternity leave on female academics and researchers

While the negative impact of child‐raising and caring on women's career progression in academia is well‐established, less is known about the role of academic women's lived experiences of maternity leave as an institutional practice. This article presents the findings of a qualitative study of the lived experiences of female academics and researchers in an Irish university. The analysis intrinsically links organizational structures and problems with the lived and felt dimensions of work. The findings point to the need for better structural accommodations for maternity leave which address the relationship between caring and career disadvantage within academia. The article adds to existing literature on the intersection of motherhood and academia by unpicking the specific role of maternity leave as both a lived experience and an institutional practice that can reinforce gender inequalities in academia.     

The effect of paid maternity leave on low-income families' welfare use in the US

Despite the critical role that paid maternity leave can assume in the economic lives of low-income families, research to date has paid insufficient attention to whether paid maternity leave reduces welfare use for low-income families. Using the Current Population Survey (CPS) March Supplement 2007–2014 with the difference-in-difference (DiD) technique, this study finds a significant policy effect of paid maternity leave on reducing the probability of using Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), TANF benefit amounts and TANF participation length. This study confirms that paid maternity leave is likely to prevent low-income families from using welfare during job interruptions stemming from the birth of a child. Given that TANF is often associated with negative political and social connotations, paid maternity leave can be used as an important social policy to improve economic security as well as offer empowerment in overall social standing for low-income mothers. The discussion focuses on the implications of the findings in a broader context of American welfare states.     

Factors associated with a positive childbirth experience in Brazilian women: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundHaving a positive childbirth experience is an increasingly valued outcome. Few studies evaluated the women’s satisfaction with childbirth through face-to-face interviews out of the health service environment. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with a higher level of satisfaction with the childbirth experience among Brazilian women.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 287 women giving birth in two hospitals in southern Brazil. Women who gave birth to healthy newborns at term were randomly selected. Face-to-face interviews were conducted 31–37 days after delivery, at the mothers’ homes, using a structured questionnaire. Satisfaction with the childbirth experience was measured using a Likert-type scale ranging from very satisfied to very dissatisfied. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance.ResultsFollowing hierarchical multivariate analysis, the following factors remained associated with a higher level of satisfaction with the childbirth experience: being satisfied with antenatal care (PR = 1.30; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 1.06−1.59), understanding the information provided by health professionals during labor and delivery (PR = 1.40; 95%CI = 1.01−1.95), not having reported disrespect and abuse (PR = 1.53; 95%CI = 1.01−2.31), and having had the baby put to the breast within the first hour of life (PR = 1.63; 95%CI = 1.26−2.11). No association was observed with type of delivery or hospital status (public or private).ConclusionsA higher level of satisfaction with the childbirth experience is related to satisfactory antenatal care, a non-abusive, respectful, and informative environment during childbirth, and to the opportunity to breastfeed the baby within the first hour of life. In clinical practice, greater attention to these basic principles of care during pregnancy and delivery could provide more positive experiences during birth.     

透析实施生育保险制度的局势

从社会学视角对实施生育保险制度的必要性进行探讨,分别从宏观(包括人口转变规律、经济体制改革、提高人口素质的需求三个方面)、中观(包括社会支持网络的变迁、保障女性群体地位、保障企业平等竞争三个方面)和微观层面(包括生育观念的转变、生育的风险性、体现女性的生育价值三个方面)进行层层剖析,说明实施和拓宽生育保险制度势在必行。     

论南京国民政府时期生育保险立法(1927-1937年)

南京国民政府对女工生育保险较为重视,《工厂法》及一些地方法规对女工生育期间待遇作了规定。这些法律法规虽然在政府强力推行下,取得了一定的成效,但由于立法本身不完善,立法在执行过程中存在诸多弊端,其执行效果与立法初衷相距甚远。     

优化生育政策促进人口长期均衡发展的战略重点

“三孩政策”标志着生育政策的进一步优化,它为中国人口长期均衡发展提供了政策保障,在对新中国成立以来两次生育政策转型和优化分析的基础上,从人口长期均衡发展战略、人口问题的再认识、生育意愿和生育行为改变的视角分析中国生育政策优化的基础和内在动力。研究认为,优化生育政策不仅提升了人口出生率,缓解人口老龄化,减轻社会保障制度压力,而且将生育权回归家庭,是对家庭福利和人的全面发展的体现; 为此,在充分发挥“三孩”新人口政策作用的同时,还要有相应的配套措施,将构建共享型社会保障制度、保障女性的生育权和劳动就业权、增加人力资本投资等一体考虑,有助于新的优化生育政策的有效实施。     

呼唤自然母性情怀——论铁凝小说的母性意识

女作家铁凝在小说中塑造了形形色色的母亲形象，表达了对自然母性情怀的强烈呼唤，在当代女性文学中凸显了独特、厚重、深刻的母性意识的特质。即对传统母亲形象的理性审视、对现实母亲的“审丑”意识以及歌颂自然母性的伟力。     

《母亲》:女性对性别主动权的追求与坚守

母性作为一种独有的女性特质,一直为男权社会所压制,通过将女人贬抑为替男人生孩子的机器,母亲这一生命传承的承载者,被驱逐出人类历史的中心,男权通过对女性生育权利的控制建立了其凌驾于女性之上的性别机制.<母亲>展现了一个女性所具有的母性特质在夫权、父权体制下被压制扼杀而自己对性别主动权艰难的追求与坚守.     

婚姻解构与原欲构建--当代女性写作中情感历程走向之一种

从张爱玲用婚姻解构了诗意的爱情,到王安忆试图用性爱建构完整的女性,这也许是现代到当代中国女性作家一直在连续地探索着的问题;从快乐的依附到痛苦的独立的努力,从为了生存和“食”的保障,到大胆地追求性爱权利,这也许是一个进步,但这追求的幸福结果尚未出现,一切还在路上。