网絡协議TCP/IP

网络协议TCP/IP,分别相当于ISO/OSI参考模式中的第四层和第三层,源于美国国防部ARPANET的协议标准.目前,在高档微机工程工作站中得到广泛的应用,并成为工业界的一个“公认”标准. 本文介绍TCP/IP协议,并结合对B-NET(运行于16位微机DUAL系统83和UNIX系统V)中的TCP/IP的提取和分析,着重说明它们的接口及其执行过程机理.     

使用8031单片微机组成双积分模数转换系统

本文介绍一种由8031单片微机组成的A/D转换系统的原理及设计方法。该系统的转换精度、分辨率及满程电压可以根据需要灵活设定,从而克服了单片A/D转换器的不可调性,为各种线路提供了一种相适应的最佳A/D转换。     

微机选配机床挂轮

利用微机选配挂轮,可以快速、准确地选配出在机床备用挂轮限制下的传动比精度最高的挂轮组合,并进行齿轮啮合性校核,实现机床挂轮的优化组合。     

Human Services and the Ethics of Computer Matching

Abstract

Computer matching has been extensively used by government, primarily as a means of cost-savings and fraud detection. Despite concerns about the invasion of privacy, clear ethical standards about computer matching have not been established. However, a study of past matching practices reveals an implied set of principles. Efficiency is valued over privacy. Welfare clients and government employees are viewed as having sacrificed the right to privacy. Some due process protections are viewed as legitimate but have not been well-implemented. The newly-passed Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1988 (PL 100-503) strengthens these due process protections.     

Random number generators for microcomputers

This paper presents the results of comparative tests of several random number generators to generate uniform [0,1] pseudo-random numbers. Tests were run on two different kinds of microcomputers with similar results. The computers used were a Tandy Model 4D (an 8 bit machine) and a Zenith model 150 (a 16 bit IBM compatible machine operating under MS DOS 2.11 and 3.1) withouta math coprocessor chip. All programming was done in FORTRAN using the Microsoft FORTRAN compilers available for the two machines (two MS DOS compilers were used; Microsoft's FORTRAN 77, versions 3.2 and 4.0).     

紧凑改进节点法

本文提出一种新的网络分析方法,称为紧凑改进节点法(CompactModified Nodal Analysis-CMNA)。和目前流行的改进节点法(MNA)比较,减小了方程维数,因而更适合微机计算。文章推导了紧凑改进节点方程,举例说明了方程的列写方法。     

工业控制计算机系统中的语音合成技术

探讨了实时工业控制计算机系统中的语音合成技术。在分析这类系统的特点和基本要求的基础上，提出了实现语音合成的一般方法，并详细地描述了文中所研制的一种智能语音卡的结构和设计原理。该卡采用高性能语音处理器和单片机，具有多种功能，能满足工业控制计算机系统的实时性要求，并已应用于工业测控计算机系统     

利用对比法对MC68000十六位微型计算机系统进行性能评价

本文从组成成分和工作性能两方面,将自行研制成功的十六位微型计算机ZD—4000与国外同类产品进行了比较,并得出了结论。文中巧妙地解决了定量评价UNIX微型机系统的问题。     

Issues in the Introduction of Computer and Information Technology in Human Services

Abstract

The introduction of computers and information technology into the human services requires that particular attention be paid to a number of issues. These include the need for mastery of substantive content prior to introduction of the technology, the definition of computer literacy appropriate to the field, the relative importance of micro- and mainframe computing for practitioners, creation of an adequate reward system for system development, and proper consideration for the sensitive issue of who controls the technology within human services.     

Comparison of microcomputer programs for making population projections: An update

There are many programs for making population projections now available for use with microcomputers. This article reviews six of approximately 15 microcomputer population projection programs. Each program is compared to a standard set of criteria relating to such items as hardware and software requirements, input data requirements and specification of assumptions, methodology and documentation, and summary output indicators. Numerical results from projections of six test data sets reflecting different assumptions about mortality, fertility, and migration are compared. Qualitative comments are included for describing special features and for making an overall assessment of each program.