Juvenile Delinquency Under Conditions of Rapid Social Change

Increased juvenile delinquency can be seen as an indicator for a deteriorating social fabric under conditions of rapid social change. Criminological theories suggest, however, that such conditions do not per se produce delinquency: They force youth into prodelinquent leisure activities with peers, leading to an endorsement of delinquent behavior and offering the infrastructure for it. Resources acquired in family and public life, however, may prevent youth from drifting into such prodelinquent leisure activities and indirectly from delinquent behavior. Empirical tests of these hypotheses have to employ simultaneous analyses of societal-level and individual-level data. On the basis of an international youth study, the paper undertakes such an analysis: In the years 1992–95, data from 42 independent samples of seventh graders from East and West Germany, Poland, Russia, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Hungary, Czechia, and Greece were surveyed. Data on deviant school behavior, delinquent drift, nurturant parenting, and subjective feelings of justice in public were obtained from 7282 thirteen- to fourteen-year-olds. Processes of rapid social change were incorporated as data on changes in GNP in the years proceeding the surveys. Analyses show that delinquent drift is a valid predictor of deviant school behavior only on the individual level. The extent to which adolescents engage in prodelinquent peer activities depends more on the cultural context in which adolescents live than on their personal experience in the family and in public. Nurturant parenting does, however, covary negatively with deviant school behavior irrespective of level of analysis.     

高校公共英语分级教学研究综述

随着近些年来各高校公共英语教学改革的开展,对分级教学的研究越来越受到关注和重视。文章回顾了分级教学在国内外的发展历史,对国内高校公共英语分级教学的研究成果在理论依据、分级模式以及分级的成效和存在的问题等方面进行了分类和总结,并指出了目前研究的一些不足和待改进之处：理论研究不够全面和深入;实证研究对象较单一、数据采集的范围较小;综合性研究缺乏多维度、跨学科的深入拓展研究。     

模糊语义研究方法论纲

研究模糊语义必须以查德的“模糊集”理论作指导．运用现代语言学和现代语义学以及相关学科的研究成果来进行研究。这样也就使得研究方法具有多角度、多层次的特点,从而形成一个方法论系统：从整体方法上看,可实行宏观研究与微观分析相结合、定性研究与定量描述相结合、一般规律研究与特殊规律研究相结合的方法;从具体方法上看,应该注重模糊语义学的“综合性的边缘学科”属性,强调不同学科之间的渗透,融合各相关学科的理论和知识,来对模糊语义展开全面而深入的研究。     

When the state takes over: civic integration programmes and the role of cities in immigrant integration

The idea that cities enjoy a certain degree of autonomy from the state when it comes to shaping immigrant integration policy has been repeatedly highlighted by research and promoted by good governance discourses. However, the emergence of state-led civic integration programmes (CIP) across Europe would seem to jar with this movement. This is the contradiction that this article explores. CIP mobilise significant resources and streamline immigrant integration through language courses, the provision of information about the host society and vocational orientation. Drawing on policy documents and interviews with local policy-makers on the CIP in the Netherlands, Germany and Sweden, this article demonstrates how they reduce the role cities have in immigrant integration; and how they transform integration policies—to varying degrees—from being developed in relationship to locally emerging needs to being charged with state sovereignty. These findings challenge the idea that there is an increasingly local approach to integration. They also raise concerns about the ambitions of CIP. Although presented as a means to make integration policies more efficient, their focus on control and coercion may in fact jeopardise their capacity to respond to concrete integration needs.     

中国小微企业市场适应能力研究

小微企业以其灵活的市场适应能力,已经成为中国经济建设的一支重要力量,在分析小微企业市场适应能力的影响因素基础上,采用多级可拓综合评价方法对某小微企业进行了评价,并提出了提升小微企业市场适应能力的措施。     

支持MLS的多层次嵌入式高可信软件架构

为增强安全关键系统的高可信能力,在分析高可信保障机制现状的基础上,提出了一种多层次的高可信软件架构。该架构采用时空分离思想、虚拟机技术,为基于MLS的嵌入式安全关键系统提供了一种整体解决方案。基于该架构,研究了多层次的安全和防危策略管理方法、信息流控制机制、可信软件的评估和认证方法,为安全关键嵌入式系统提供可认证的安全服务。     

大量定制环境下基于延迟制造的多级供应控制模型研究

针对大量定制环境下延迟制造活动的特点,提出将客户订单分离点(CODP)前移到供应商流程内部实现供应延迟,给出了基于延迟制造的多级供应控制生产计划模型,研究了面向多级供应控制的物料清单(BOM)和产品设计问题。     

民俗与文学魅力

民俗作为民众集体程式化的传承性的生活文化,不仅是文学起源的中介,也是文艺样式的渊源。作家文学取材于民俗活动,文学的发展也无不与民风民俗相并。民俗在文学作品中呈多层次渗透,文学民俗化具有独特的审美价值。     

团队真实型领导、新员工反馈寻求行为与社会化结果

领导掌控着组织的资源,其态度和行为对新员工能否顺利社会化起关键作用。基于真实型领导和员工反馈寻求社会化理论,探讨团队真实型领导、反馈导向对新员工反馈寻求行为和社会化结果的影响。纵向选取53个团队中304个入职9个月内的新员工为调查样本,运用多层回归和结构方程模型进行验证。研究结果表明,团队真实型领导和反馈导向正向影响新员工反馈寻求行为,团队真实型领导显著正向调节反馈导向与新员工反馈寻求行为之间的关系;在高团队真实型领导水平下,高反馈导向的新员工表现出更频繁的反馈寻求行为;团队真实型领导与反馈导向的交互作用通过新员工反馈寻求行为对角色清晰度、社会融入度和工作满意度3个社会化结果起间接积极作用,表明团队真实型领导可以促进新员工有更多的反馈寻求行为,进而帮助他们成功社会化。     

我国商贸物流配送体系存在的问题及建设思路

现代商贸物流配送是物流体系中最具活力的组成部分,是流通的一种现代组织形式,大力发展现代物流配送具有重要的意义。应根据现代物流配送的发展趋势要求,针对我国物流配送发展中存在的问题,构建和完善包括物流配送作业系统、物流配送信息系统和物流配送主体系统在内的现代多层次物流配送体系。