Sex Related Factors in the Perception of Threatening Facial Expressions

This study replicated and extended previously reported sex differences involving both viewer and target in the recognition of threatening facial expressions. Based on the assumption that the evolved cognitive mechanisms mediating anger recognition would have been designed by natural selection to operate quickly in the interests of survival, brief tachistoscopic presentation of stimulus photographs was used. Additionally, in contrast to prior published studies, the statistical methods of signal detection research were used to control for the confounding effects of non-random guessing. The main hypothesis, that anger posed by males would be more accurately perceived than anger posed by females, was supported. A secondary hypothesis, that female-posed anger would be more accurately perceived by women than by men, received partial support. Testosterone levels, measured inferentially in terms of diurnal cycles, failed to show the hypothesized positive relationship to accuracy of anger perception.     

浅析汉语中表因果关系句子的英译法

由于英汉两种语言的差异,汉语中表因果关系的句子翻译成英文有不同的译法,除了采用原因状语从句的结构,还可以采用时间状语从句、地点状语从句、定语从句、不定式短语、介词短语、独立主格结构等多种不同的表达方式。     

论《周易》思维形式的特色

在我国思想史上 ,《周易》思维独具特色。这种特色在形式上表现为思维的意象性、数术性、逻辑性、直观性。《周易》因其显著特色产生独特而巨大的魅力 ,成为中华民族传统文化的源头活水     

汉语数字词语比喻的文化透视--智慧与德行篇

比喻是人类语言中一种最有力的手段,在这些奇妙的比喻中,数字词语比喻更是独领风骚.本文从智慧、德行两个方面来对数字词语比喻的喻义、用途、及其折射的文化现象进行了讨论.试图用生动鲜明的例词来说明中国文化的源远流长和博大精深.以数字为链的词语比喻使得词语的喻义更俱特色,也更通俗易懂,易为广大人民群众所接受.而且,大量的数字词语比喻来源于人们所熟悉,历史上广为流传的民间故事或传说,所以易为人们所记忆和传播.     

《大藏经》词语札记

本文解释了五个汉译佛经《大藏经》中的词语:消息、宁可、巨细、障石疑、缭戾,并一一加以溯源。     

基于分数本征特征的手写数字识别

特征提取是手写体数字识别研究中的重要问题,有效、稳定的特征是提高识别率和识别精度的关键。该文提出了一种基于分数本征特征和核非线性分类器的手写数字识别方法,首先找到时频平面的一个轴进行分数傅里叶变换,使不同类别样本在这个轴上最大限度地分开,然后用主元分析进行降维,得到比较稳健的低维特征,再将常用分类器用于特征分类,实现对手写数字的识别。对实际数据进行实验,结果表明上述本征特征与核非线性分类器相结合有较高的识别率和训练、分类效率。     

宾位数量名结构中“一”字隐现的认知研究

宾语数量名结构中“一”字的省略必然引起人的认知心理上的变化。本文试从认知语言的角度,由距离像似动因及范畴化原型理论来分析宾语数量名结构中“一”字省略后引起的句法、语法、语用等变化问题。由此得出了“一”字省略后,整个结构数量意义减弱,语法性质不活泼,搭配受到了限制,缺乏独立性,语体风格发生了变化等结论。     

“Facing” leaders: Facial expression and leadership perception

This experimental study investigated the effect of a leader's expression of happy versus nervous emotions on subsequent perceptions of leadership and ratings of traits associated with implicit leadership theories (ILTs). Being fast and universally understood, emotions are ideal stimuli for investigating the dynamic effects of ILTs, which were understood in this study in terms of the constraints that expressed emotions impose on the connectionist networks that activate ILTs. The experimental design contrasted videotaped and still frame presentations of a leadership event; however, this methodological factor had no significant effects and analyses were thus collapsed across this factor. Key findings were that the expression of a happy versus nervous emotion at the end of a problem-solving sequence had multiple effects: happy emotions resulted in higher leadership ratings, higher trait ratings, greater correlations among trait ratings, and greater dependence of trait ratings on leadership perceptions. An exploratory model suggested that leadership impressions mediated the effects of facial emotions on trait ratings. The discussion further links the study findings with interpretations in terms of ILTs and many types of constraints on these cognitive structures. It also suggests ways to integrate these ideas with advances in neuroscience research.     

It's written all over their faces: Preschoolers' emotion understanding

Emotion understanding is a multifaceted construct made up of several components. To identify how several common components of emotion understanding relate to one another, five emotion understanding tasks were compared within the same group of children. Fifty‐four preschool children (M = 3.81 years, SD = 0.40) were asked to display the typical facial expression of six emotions after hearing their corresponding emotion label. They were then read six vignettes and asked to: “use your face to show how [the protagonist] would feel,” provide an emotion label for the main character, and “choose a picture of a face that would look like [the main character].” Finally, they were asked to provide a label for emotions presented to them in photographs. For all tasks, six emotions were examined: happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, and disgust. With the exception of the two modeling tasks, results show correlations among the emotion understanding tasks. There was a significant interaction between task and emotion category for emotion understanding accuracy. However, there was some consistency in the pattern of discrete emotion categorization emergence across the tasks. Additionally, accuracy scores (representing emotion understanding) across tasks were not equivalent. Findings are discussed in the broader context of emotion understanding.     

胡塞尔“本质机遇性的表述”探析

在胡塞尔的《逻辑研究》中,表述处于对指示的区别与对直观充实的准备这个中介地位上,而其中本质机遇性的表述更有着特殊的性质。为了解释这些特殊性,就需要规定其内在的含义结构与功能关系。而在德里达看来,这反映了胡塞尔的在场形而上学立场。