《训诂学初稿》引文辨误(上)

本文指出了《训诂学初稿》一书中存在的衍文、脱文、讹文、出处误等四类引文错误,并对它们进行了辨正。     

Simpson's Paradox in Survival Models

Abstract.  In the context of survival analysis it is possible that increasing the value of a covariate X has a beneficial effect on a failure time, but this effect is reversed when conditioning on any possible value of another covariate Y . When studying causal effects and influence of covariates on a failure time, this state of affairs appears paradoxical and raises questions about the real effect of X . Situations of this kind may be seen as a version of Simpson's paradox. In this paper, we study this phenomenon in terms of the linear transformation model. The introduction of a time variable makes the paradox more interesting and intricate: it may hold conditionally on a certain survival time, i.e. on an event of the type { T > t } for some but not all t , and it may hold only for some range of survival times.     

桓温并官省职考释

东晋兴宁二年,桓温主持推行并官省职政策.这次活动涉及到政府各部门官职的裁省和人事的变动.该政策推行达10年之久,桓温卒后渐废弛.它由桓温强制推行,违背了历史发展的必然趋势,其结局是人亡制废.     

量词研究三题

本文认为现代汉语中的量词在语用实践中存在着隐省现象,多功能量词具有表义功能强,使用范围广的特征,理据性量词往往有超常用法。     

Conditional versus unconditional analysis in some regression models

This paper discusses extensions of the variability of the parameters (or functions of parameters) in a recursive system of regression models, and shows that conditioning on the carriers may lead to drastically different conclusions than when the carriers are viewed as stochastic. The relationships among the variables in these models are derived by a sequence of regressions, in which the dependent variable of one equation may reappear as a carrier in a later equation. The model to be fitted need not be identical with the generating equations. In these recursive systems of equations, when the models are miss-specified, or when functions of parameters from different equations are to be estimated, the variability of the estimators is shown to depend critically on the level of conditioning assumed. Various jackknife and bootstrap methods of estimating the variability of the estimators are suggested. In particular the bootstrap estimators of variability can be adopted to captured the correct level of conditioning, by mimicking the conditioning in their design. Two problems in which the level of conditioning matters are described and analysed under the general chained regression models. A real data problem. Omission of variables is sometimes advocated for reducting the variance of the remaining estimators. In both cases the effectiveness of the nonparametric variance estimators is demonstrated using simulation studies.     

目的论下的陪同口译策略探究

陪同口译作为最基本、最常见的一种口译形式,往往需要译员在很短的时间内,不借助笔记等辅助工具,做出准确的反应以达到口译目的.目的论作为功能学派的翻译理论,对陪同口译中的“目的性”具有指导作用.从目的论的角度出发,陪同口译的具体翻译策略有增译法、删译法、改译法.