Follow the leader! The peer effect in aid supply decisions

This study assesses the existence of imitative behaviour among donors in terms of their aid supply. The urgency in addressing this subject is motivated by an increasing degree of aid volatility and unpredictability which may be linked to this imitative behaviour. Our results highlight that while any connection among donor peers is a potential channel for the transmission of aid volatility, the extent of such volatility decreases significantly in the presence of established imitative behaviour. This result suggests that the promotion of donor imitative behaviour would contribute to containing the current and growing trend of volatility in aid supply.     

个体行为因素的模糊层次分析

通过构建定性和定量相结合的个体行为因素模糊层次分析模型，探讨个体行为因素对个人绩效的影响主、次问题。先基于人的认知模式建立个体行为层次诊断模型，采用回溯性分析方法来确定个体行为的原因因素或原因组合，再结合模糊层次分析法探讨影响个体行为的主要关联因素并对其进行排序，量化各具体致因因素的权重及其重要性，该方法为改进个体在系统中的绩效提供理论依据，从而为以人为本的工作设计、管理提供有效的决策支持。     

Institutional Diversity and Performance in African Cotton Sectors

This article analyses the performance of cotton sectors across East, Southern, and West Africa, paying particular attention to the wide diversity of institutional arrangements that they now exhibit. It finds strong support for earlier contentions regarding trade‐offs between competition and coordination, and between the roles of public and private sectors. New insights provide concrete and context‐specific guidance to policy‐makers and stakeholders regarding the key challenges they will face and the risks they will need to manage as they work to improve productivity and ensure an equitable division of benefits within cotton sectors.     

Leader,Protester, Enabler,Spoiler: Aid Strategies and Donor Politics in Institutional Assistance

Aid co‐ordination has come to be seen as a miracle cure for the ills of donor proliferation. However, in weak states where aid conditionality may be a catalyst for institutional change, the ideal of aid co‐ordination is conceptually suspect, and in some instances politically counterproductive. Co‐ordination is one of the two solutions to the collective‐action problem that the public good of effective institutional conditionality generates; donor leadership is the other. The desirability of each solution depends on every donor's commitment and presence, which together generate a four‐fold typology: leader, protester, enabler, and spoiler. As long as there is at least one enabler or spoiler donor present, aid co‐ordination will be less effective than donor leadership.     

Analysing local perceptions of post‐conflict and post‐floods livelihood interventions in Swat,Pakistan

The Swat valley in Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province was affected by a protracted conflict and super flood between 2007 and 2010. This article explores local perceptions of the Swat response, which presented complex challenges for rehabilitation and livelihood recovery of affected communities. This study examines local perceptions of how non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) and government response addressed livelihood revival needs, considers questions relating to the nature and dynamics of the conflict and floods and reflects on the issues and lessons of post‐disaster relief and development. The qualitative case study was conducted between September 2010 and February 2011. Primary data were collected in 11 villages and localities from beneficiaries and non‐beneficiaries, government representatives, community leaders and programme officials involved in livelihood interventions. This article identifies the shortcomings associated with the targeted response, as well as the types of response offered in the form of beneficiary selection and elite co‐opting of aid. The response was affected by a lack of relief, recovery and development programme co‐ordination, weak institutional support and non‐prioritization of local needs. The article recommends that for effective development policy and practice, local ownership of response and recovery programmes needs to be promoted.     

山东桑属主要资源品种过氧化物酶谱相似性的三维排序分析

利用三维极点排序的方法对桑属植物过氧化物同工酶酶谱进行聚类分析,结果表明,山东的桑属植物中,鲁桑(Mchou Koidz)种和白桑(M alba L)种亲缘关系较近,山桑(M bom-bysis Kiodz)距两者较远.     

当前中国企业研究生工作站存在的问题及对策研究

研究生培养质量的提高是当前我国研究生教育工作的主题,江苏省企业研究生工作站培养模式是研究生教育创新工程的重要形式,也是提升研究生培养质量的重要平台。文章结合河海大学所建企业研究生工作站的实践,探究企业研究生工作站的运行模式、机制、组织架构及管理制度,基于对现有工作站实践中存在问题的基础,提出了相应的对策。     

托马斯·阿奎那论法律的本质

西方中世纪哲学家托马斯·阿奎那认为法律是完整共同体的管理者为了共同善而制定并颁布的实践理性的命令 ,是人们必须服从的具有约束力的行为规则。阿奎那的法律哲学是理性主义性质的自然法法哲学     

从“树木出家”看泰国僧侣对森林资源的保护

对于泰国目前所面临的森林危机，虽然有很多方法可能会有助于解决该问题，如：教育、科学、技术、经济、政治、政府与非政府组织，甚至是工商业机构，但这些办法是不能从根本上解决问题的，因为问题是出于社会道德崩溃而产生的。人们以贪欲作为动机，来滥用、砍伐森林，没有经过周密的、合理的思考，不考虑到后果而对它们随意取用。因此泰国佛教力求复兴一些传统意义上的宗教、文化思想，实施了“树木出家”仪式，以期拯救森林危机及人的心态危机。