Dimensions of occupational inequality and Duncan's socioeconomic index

Using the original 1962 Blau and Duncan data for white males, I compare relative amounts of inequality in the distributions of occupational prestige, earnings, autonomy, and job skills. Also assessed are the degree of status rigidity (or intercorrelations) among these four dimensions of occupational inequality and the simultaneous relations among these four dimensions in a father-to-son occupational mobility model. These findings are compared to those obtained with Duncan's socioeconomic index to determine whether additional information can be obtained when using independent measures representing the multiple dimensions of occupational inequality versus using the SEI alone. Only minor discrepancies are found, and these relate to autonomy and earnings.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1985 Pacific Sociological Association meetings.     

Unemployment and men's entrance into female-dominated jobs

Despite the contraction of many male-dominated occupations, men have made limited progress in entering female-dominated jobs. Using monthly employment histories from the SIPP, we examine whether individual economic conditions—such as a period of unemployment—are associated with men subsequently pursuing female-dominated work. Specifically, we ask whether men are more likely to enter female-dominated jobs after unemployment, compared to men who take a new job directly from employment. We find that unemployment significantly increases the odds of men entering female-dominated work among men who make job transitions. By examining changes in occupational prestige as well as wage differences before and after unemployment, we also find that entering a female-dominated job (compared to other job types) may help men mitigate common scarring effects of unemployment such as wage losses and occupational prestige downgrades. Accordingly, this study reveals a critical occupational route that may allow men to remain upwardly mobile after involuntary unemployment.     

论摩根索的威望政策理论

从概要介绍摩根索威望政策理论的主要内容入手,提出了对于该理论的再认识,并重点论述了这一理论对于中国发展的重要启示。总之,随着国际环境的发展变化,对于摩根索威望政策的认识应立足于新的国际条件而不断更新,尤其对于最大的发展中国家的中国来说,应该重视并合理地运用威望政策。     

South Korean College Students' Holland Types and Career Compromise Processes

This study explored South Korean college students' career compromise processes and examined whether preferences for sex type, prestige, or interests would be differentiated by Holland theme interest types, gender, or college major. Participants were South Korean undergraduate students from 2 universities in Seoul, South Korea. They were asked to choose 1 occupation from each of 168 pairs of occupations using a forced‐choice format. A total of 376 surveys were analyzed. There were significant main effects for Holland interest types and for gender but not for college major on their career compromise processes. Implications for career counselors and researchers are discussed.     

关于国格基本理论问题的研究

本文对国格的定义、国格的内涵、国格的特点、国格的种类等基本理论问题进行了探讨,得出了自己对这些问题的看法。意在认识新时期的国格发展规律,促进新时期的国格建设。     

Ideologised values for British accents1

We report quantitative results from a large online survey of 5010 U.K. informants' reactions to 34 different accents of English, based on simple accent labels. Patterns of accent evaluation, in terms of adjudged levels of prestige, social attractiveness and some other variables, in many regards confirm broad findings from earlier research. Accent‐types associated with ‘standard’ speech are, for example, strongly favoured in the prestige and attractiveness dimensions. Several urban U.K. vernaculars, but not all, are systematically downgraded. On the other hand, robust differences emerge which have not been strongly evidenced previously – particularly differences according to informant gender (with females regularly producing more favourable evaluations) and region (with informants often favouring their own and linked varieties). There are also some important effects by informant age, for example with younger informants attributing less prestige to ‘standard’ accents. We interpret the findings as indicating rather persistent U.K. language‐ideologies around accent difference that are being reconstituted only gradually and in specific regards.     

清初遗民诗人李邺嗣诗歌创作初探

李邺嗣出身于浙东鄞县世代官宦之家,少有诗名。他是浙东著名思想家黄宗羲的挚友,深受其思想影响。抗清失败后,他埋首书斋,自编文集20卷,诗集18卷。对故国的怀恋、隐居乡野的落寞和田园生活的宁静成为他诗歌吟咏的主题,也是他恪守民族大义、不仕新朝的遗民情怀的诗化表现。李邺嗣的诗歌创作在清初浙东诗坛居于重要地位,对开启后世浙东诗风具有不可替代的作用。     

两晋后妃地理分布研究

分析《晋书·后妃传》所涉两晋32位后妃,可见司马氏皇帝的婚姻对象在家族发展的不同阶段各有不同。在地方门户阶段,婚姻对象主要是河内知名之世家;融入曹魏核心阶段,主要是曹魏政权的支柱性家族和重臣之女;巩固核心阶段,主要是司马氏政权的核心家族和重臣之女;维持核心阶段,皇帝的婚姻对象为中原地区稍次一等门阀的女子。这些后妃的籍贯或郡望主要分布在以洛阳为中心的司、豫、徐、兖四州,兼及外围之并、雍、青、扬各州。这一分布特点与当时的政治、文化、士族地位升降以及司马氏政权的权力分配有着十分紧密的联系。     

Nations,national identity and prestige

Prestige is a concept or factor that receives relatively little sustained attention in the specialist academic work on nations, national identity and nationalism. It is, however, an implicit influence in much of this literature. Evidence, perspectives and insights, suggesting that prestige is a vital element in the psychological constitution of nations, emerge from a diverse range of sources.     

体育实习教师如何在教学中树立威信

体育实习是体育专业学生成为一名合格体育教师的必经之路,体育实习教师如何在教学中树立威信对体育实习的成败意义重大.本文采用文献资料法、调查问卷法、访谈法、数理统计法等方法,以娄底市部分高中、初中的学生及体育教师进行调查研究.结果显示,学生喜欢由体育实习教师为对象进行授课,但体育实习教师的教学水平还有待提高.体育实习教师必须从各个方面充实自己,在学生中树立威信,为日后的教学工作打好基础.