中古道教仙传中的"食桃修仙"母题研究

中古道教仙传中,"食桃修仙"母题的产生有其相应的时代背景和文化背景。在探究该母题产生的基础上,从内外两方面分析了"桃"被仙化的多重原因。就外因而言,桃被仙化与神仙信仰的广泛流传有关。就内因而言,桃被仙化与桃特殊丰富的文化内涵紧密相连。进而以"食王母桃"这一母题为中心梳理"食桃修仙"母题的流变。该母题的流变与桃被赋予的神效和异形密切相关,由此导致"食桃修仙"母题呈现出神异浪漫的美学风格。     

Childbearing and Marriage: Investigating the Importance of Context for Meaning-Making of First-Time Marriage

Previous research reveals that the temporal ordering of childbearing and marriage can have an impact on the meaning of first-time marriage. This article aims to obtain a deeper understanding of meaning-making of first-time marriage in relation to childbearing. Narrative interviews with 16 brides and grooms in 8 couples in Sweden were conducted. The material was analyzed in relation to the temporal ordering of childbearing and marriage. The study reveals that the construction of meaning of marriage does not only relate to the temporal context. Social factors such as social class or family formation might also be relevant for how meaning is constructed. This article contributes to a deeper understanding of meaning-making as a relational process constructed within particular contexts.     

Juvenile Delinquency Under Conditions of Rapid Social Change

Increased juvenile delinquency can be seen as an indicator for a deteriorating social fabric under conditions of rapid social change. Criminological theories suggest, however, that such conditions do not per se produce delinquency: They force youth into prodelinquent leisure activities with peers, leading to an endorsement of delinquent behavior and offering the infrastructure for it. Resources acquired in family and public life, however, may prevent youth from drifting into such prodelinquent leisure activities and indirectly from delinquent behavior. Empirical tests of these hypotheses have to employ simultaneous analyses of societal-level and individual-level data. On the basis of an international youth study, the paper undertakes such an analysis: In the years 1992–95, data from 42 independent samples of seventh graders from East and West Germany, Poland, Russia, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Hungary, Czechia, and Greece were surveyed. Data on deviant school behavior, delinquent drift, nurturant parenting, and subjective feelings of justice in public were obtained from 7282 thirteen- to fourteen-year-olds. Processes of rapid social change were incorporated as data on changes in GNP in the years proceeding the surveys. Analyses show that delinquent drift is a valid predictor of deviant school behavior only on the individual level. The extent to which adolescents engage in prodelinquent peer activities depends more on the cultural context in which adolescents live than on their personal experience in the family and in public. Nurturant parenting does, however, covary negatively with deviant school behavior irrespective of level of analysis.     

Child Characteristics,Parenting Stress,and Parental Involvement: Fathers Versus Mothers

This study examined variations in the relationships among child characteristics, parenting stress, and parental involvement. Participants were 100 two‐parent families with preschool‐aged children. Self‐report and interview data were collected to measure parental involvement, as well as perceptions of child temperament and parental stress. Analyses revealed significant, yet somewhat different, associations between child temperament and parental stress for mothers and fathers. More significant associations were found between perceptions of child temperament and involvement for fathers than for mothers. The associations between child temperament and parental stress and involvement differed on the basis of child and parent gender. Results are discussed in terms of future research on father involvement, as well as programs designed to encourage fathers to assume more active parental roles.     

师德建设在学风建设中的作用

高等学校加强师德建设和学风建设是全面贯彻党的教育方针的根本保证,是适应新时期发展的需要,是高等学校自身发展的需要,是学生成长和成才的需要。建设优良的学风关键在于建设一支优秀的教师队伍,而建设一支优秀的教师队伍的关键在于提高教师的道德水平。     

李健吾文学批评文体探析

文章在分析李健吾随笔式批评文体产生原因的基础上 ,着重论述了其在文体结构、文体语言及文体表达手法的选择等几个方面的特征。文章认为散漫自如、短小精悍是其体式特征 ,絮语话语、警策性话语及审美描述性语言是其语言特征 ,多种修辞手段的运用构成了表达手法的主要特点。文章最后分析了随笔式批评文体的使用原则及其局限 ,同时对八十年代兴起的“李健吾批评文体热”作了客观评价     

巴金：在历史和文化之间艰难地行进

本文从人类学理论的基础上 ,从中国近现代文化变迁的广大背景中 ,剖析了巴金与文化关系中存在的复杂而深刻的矛盾。本文认为 ,这一矛盾的核心在于巴金对近现代文化的追求和他对传统文化某些方面的体认之间的冲突。他试图解决中国现代的文化问题 ,但这一努力又受他自身文化禀承的制约 ,这就使他在中国近现代文化进程中显示出独特的文化品格。     

闲吟闲咏谱棹歌--论蒋捷词的独特风格

蒋捷词风独特 ,与其家世、人品不无关系。蒋捷生于巨族 ,家风淳厚 ,正值壮年却痛失家国 ,惨遭离乱 ,一身民族正气使他隐而不仕 ,宁愿漂泊江湖。家世国运影响着词人的创作 ,其词既有飒然凛风之豪放 ,又兼绮丽纤柔之婉约 ,在宋词史上享有一定的地位